Research On The Development Of Chinese Guiding Principles For Education

As a part of the intensive mode management of education in modern china, education policies are the aims, rules and activities of educational development that formulated by the ruling group in a specific period. They are the combinations of principles and channels, purposes and contents, quality and status, direction and tasks. Also, they integrated the individual-oriented and society-oriented of education, the standard function and society function. Further more, they can be seen as the core of education management system in china and the traditional feature of Chinese educational management culture. Obviously, the will of education, the aims and directions of education have a concentrated reflection in these specific and historic policies. In the late19th and early21st centuries, China experienced three regime forms (the late Qing dynasty, the R.O.C and P.R.C) successively and they promulgated seven different kinds of education policy, which were the milestones in the history. From simplicity to complexity, from abstraction to concreteness, people can read a history of Chinese educational activities from the change of the core concept of guiding principles for education (as "educational aims" in Qing Dynasty and R.O.C and "educational policy" in P.R.C now) during the last100years.As the activity of theory and practice for educational policy in90years, it has been worked for the key work and basic line of the Communist Party of China with experience and lessons, keeping pace with the times and carrying forward the good traditions. People could see it as a history of combination and development:the combination of Principles of Marxism and Chinese educational practice and, the development of educational policy during the different periods. The development of Chinese Communist Party’s educational policy can be divided into two parts:the part before1949and the part after1949when PRC was founded, and both of them headed forward along zigzagged ways. During the28years before the foundation of PRC, the educational policy developed from so-called general policy on Communism culture to general policy on New Democracy; and during the60years since PRC was founded, it had experienced ideal socialism policy on education and educational policy for initial stage of socialism, both the experiences were zigzagged. After the long discussion for more than30years since the reform and opening-up policy was carried out, the educational policy for a new period was set out and edited in "National Education Reform and Development of Long-term Planning Programs(from2010to2020)"which was established by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. The policy can be described as "education should serve the modernization of socialism and people, and work with productive labor and social practice", and "makes students as builders and successors for socialism with all around development of morality, intelligence physique and aesthetic’As the educational thought of Marxism localized in China, the issue of current text in our party and country has experienced a devious and complex process of modification. The new educational policy was developed on the base of the old ones, but the differences should be attended to. For instance, the description of "education should serve the modernization of socialism and people, and work with productive labour and social practice" was developed from "education must serve proletarian politics and work with productive labour". And the description that "education only serves the modernization of socialism" has become "education serves both the modernization and people" in the new one. And another example, the description of "education should work with productive labour and social practice" came from the former sentence of "education should work with productive labour". For students, the sentence "make students have a all-round development of morality, intelligence physique and aesthetic" came from the old sentence of "make students have a all-round development of morality, intelligence physique, etc." The more earlier description was "make students have a all-round development of morality, intelligence physique" and the oldest one was "make students have a all around development of moral, intellectual, physical education".About the builders, the sentence of "workers with both socialist consciousness and culture" developed into "builders"&"builders and successors", then "builders and successors of socialism career", and the latest description is "builders and successors for socialism". The content and thoughts of the policies are tending perfect and we could see the integrate structure and complete form of the policy in them.It means that the Communists have been continually deepening cognition of the essence of educational policy.To formulate educational working policies and rules of all levels and types,and to emancipate our thoughts and put the important thought of "Education must face modernization, face the world and the future"(written by Deng Xiaoping in1983) to "Constitution of the People’s Republic of China" and "Education Law of the People’s Republic of China" by legal procedure, we should manage education by law and make a good use of thoughts of dialectical materialism and historical materialism creatively. Further more, according to the prevailing tendency of education around the world, these activities could bring about a great breakthrough and innovation of educational policy and practice so that we could configure an educational policy system with Chinese characteristics.