| As the inner unity of producer and consumer, population has a great impact onsocial and economic growth. Population change influences the consumer demand andproduction capacity a lot. At the end of the seventies of nineteenth century, Chinaimplemented two major reforms. The first one is the full implementation of reform andopen policy, which changed our society from planned economy to market economyand boosted the economic growth. Especially from2003to2007, china maintained aneconomic growth of at least10%. The second reform was the implementation offamily planning policy across the country, which made the portion of only one childfamily every year gradually increased and promoted the transformation of populationage structure. These two major reforms made great changes in china. They nourishedthe economic growth and decreased the youth upbringing ratio. As a developmentcountry, China made great achievements in a short period of30years.Through theoretical research of population theory, population economics,demographics etc. and analysis of the historical process of Heilongjiang’s natural andmechanical population change, this paper elaborates the main contradiction betweenpopulation problem and social economic development of Heilongjiang province andhow to make fully use of the existing demographic dividend based on low fertilitylevel for future economic growth. It also provides theoretical support to formulate thedevelopmental strategy and policy for relevant departments.This paper includes six parts.The first part is the introduction which shows the main motive of this paper whichincludes the background information, questions, the significance of the research,research ideas, research contents and so on.Through a detailed review of related studies abroad and a summary of the current related research situation in China, the literature review points out the problems andworking directions of related research home and abroad.The second part is the concept definitions and introduction of related theoriesintroduction. For instance, it briefly introduces some basic demography concepts suchas population change, age and sex structure, population migration and so on. Itintroduces the general rule of population change, population and economic growththeory, population migration theory and classic theories related to this paper, whichprovides theoretical foundation for the quantitative study afterwards.The third part is the history of Heilongjiang population change. According to theFifth National Population Census in2000and the Six National Population Census in2010, it analyzes the population change in Heilongjiang Province, in quantity andquality, in age structure and sex structure, in fertility level and death level andconcludes the basic characteristics of natural population change in Heilongjiangprovince.The fourth part is the analysis of the present situation of Heilongjiang provincemigration. Through analyzing the gender, sex, age structure, floating reasons, theoutflow and inflow places, education level and flow time of the floating population andcomparing them with the data of the Fifth National Population Census and the SixNational Population Census, it shows the development trend and change characteristicsof Heilongjiang floating population.The fifth part is the impact population migration has on the social and economicdevelopment of Heilongjiang province. Through a simple review of the generalsituation of social and economic development during the eleventh Five-Year Planperiod, we can see that characteristics and problems co-exist. Population migrationproduces a series of influences on the social and economic development ofHeilongjiang province, including indirect effects, direct effects and other effects.Population migration leads to changes in the age structure of the population. On onehand, due to the change of structure of the working-age population, the rise of savingsrate was conducive to the economic development. On the other hand, the contradictionof employment rises, which has negative influence on the social old-age security system.The aging of the population had a great impact on the adjustment of industrialstructure, savings and investment as well as on the production and consumption, whichwill emerge in the social and economic development. The direct effects include thedouble effect on sustainable development in rural areas and the analysis of economiceffects. Particularly, it will increase the income of rural population and promote thehuman capital of rural areas; it will accelerate the aging problem and huge waste ofrural land resources. However, floating population can be conducive to theaccumulation of population and capital and make great contributions to regionaleconomic growth. About other effects, the paper mainly introduces some outstandingnegative effects, which shows that the population migration will increase the pressureof urban public facilities, threaten the city public security and cause children educationproblems of the floating population.The six part is about the conclusion and suggestions. In view of the aboveresearch, the paper has some conclusions about the impact population has on the socialand economic development of Heilongjiang province. Firstly, the total population isgrowing slowly. Secondly, the population structure is making new changes. Thirdly,there are some new features of the employment status. The number of working womenis growing. The average working people are getting younger, and the cultural quality ofthem is significantly improving. Fourthly, population migration is forming some newtrends. The young and the middle-aged people is the main part of separation offamilies and registered permanent residence which can be short term or long term. Theregional difference is quite clear and research shows that work and business are themain reasons of the separation. Lastly, population has a great impact on the social andeconomic development. In conclusion, this paper gives some feasible suggestionsabout how to make population a good impact on the social and economic developmentof Heilongjiang province. |
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