The Study On The Management Of National University President During The Period Of Anti-Japanese War

Being detached from the society means the intellectuals should keep a certain distance from the society and doing research in a non-utilitarian mentality for the creation and innovation; being attached to the society means the scholars must focus on and participate in public affairs and be active for their social standpoints when country needs. How a president of a university chooses between the academic attributes and the executive power in a school and balances the "ivory tower" or "Service Station" of society for a school is the starting point of this thesis paper which studies the management of the national university presidents during the Anti-Japanese War.The paper explores the role of the presidents of the national universities as the "steersman" during the period of the Republic of China by employing the organization’s life cycle theory and the historical data and the main method of history. According to the organization’s life cycle theory, an organization can be analyzed in the following three stages: the stage of survival, the stage of development, the stage of promotion. A university, as a social organization, undergoes the same three stages. From my perspective, these three stages are the survival of the national universities:"as looking as usual as the wartime"; the development of national universities:"growing under the bombs"; the promotion of the national Universities:"building the organic national culture".The paper falls into six parts.Firstly, the introduction discusses the significance of the topic, the literature review, the research methodology, and the core and the innovation of the research.The first chapter presents a profile of the presidents of the national universities during the Anti-Japanese War in order to introduce the role of the president of the national universities as the "steersman" in that period.The second chapter uses "as looking as usual as the wartime" as the topic of research and explores the policies; objectives of higher education and the domestic migration of universities during the wartime which constitute the essence of university survival under the leadership of the "steersman".The third chapter uses "growing under the bombs" as the topic of research and does research on the universities development and growth by how the presidents insist general education and autonomy of students, how to adhere to academic freedom and faculty governance with the views of faculty and student development which constitute the main contents of university development under the leadership of the "steersman"The fourth chapter uses "building the organic national culture" as the topic of research and finds the principals of these presidents to enhance the university level from the cultural perspective and using culture and spirit as the key of the intrinsic improvement for universities, using school mottos and the styles of teaching and learning as the outward expressions for culture and spirit which constitute the key of university transformation under the leadership of the "steersman".The last chapter manifests the author’s research findings:thanks to the wisdom, personal charisma and the sense of responsibility of the presidents of the national universities, the national universities could have what is lost in the morning is gained in the evening, persist in the basic development principle of "as looking as usual as the wartime", aim at cultivating leaders who were able to change the destiny of the country, realize the "growth under the bombs" during the war and ultimately achieve the objective of the university’s development that is to "create an organic national culture". On the base, it summaries reform ideas of national university presidents and gives revelations for today’s university. This study also summarizes how a president runs a university successfully. As a leader of a university, he should stay one step ahead and be a pioneer to lead the development of the culture. Hopefully this conclusion may serve as a reference with the relatively significance for the quality and selection of present university presidents, the heritage of universities’spirits and culture, the external environment of university development. And these can be the references for present university management and development to a certain extent.