A Historical Analysis Of The Development Of Secondary Normal Education By The National Government During The Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

After the outbreak of the comprehensive anti-Japanese war,under the trample of the Japanese invaders,all types of education at all levels were almost paralyzed.The secondary normal education,which shouldered the heavy responsibility of training national education teachers,was not immune.Under the devastation of the Japanese invaders,secondary normal education suffered heavy losses.And many secondary normal schools were even forced to close.At the same time,due to the desperate situation of secondary normal education,the primary education teachers needed for national education were once lacking,and even the phenomenon of "teacher shortage" appeared.Facing such a dilemma,the education authorities of the National Government immediately realized the importance and urgency of the development of secondary normal education,and made contingency measures during the war:Relieving teachers in exile to alleviate pressure on secondary normal education development;organize a normal education campaign week to expand the impact of secondary normal education on society;guide the development of secondary normal education in various provinces to form a good normal education system;improve the treatment of primary school teachers and attract students to secondary normal schools.At the same time,under the leadership of the National Government,a batch of secondary normal schools have been organized,especially the establishment of national secondary normal schools,which can be said to be a major initiative in the history of secondary normal education development.Different from pre-war schools,These teacher education institutions growing up in the war have also shown distinctive features in curriculum setting,employment management and student treatment.Driven by a series of contingency measures of the National Government,wartime teacher education had achieved certain historical results:the preservation and development of China's secondary normal education;the training of a large number of elementary education teachers for national education;and the promotion of social education during the war and the war of resistance.For this reason,this article focuses on secondary normal education,focusing on eight years since the outbreak of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,and a historical analysis of secondary normal education under the rule of the National Government.By analyzing and studying several measures,historical contributions and deficiencies of the National Government during the war to promote secondary normal education,it provides useful historical materials for the reform and development of contemporary normal education.