Historical Analysis Of The Additional Institutions Of Higher Learning Under The Rule Of The National Government In The Period Of The All-round Anti-Japanese War

After the Nanjing National Government came into power,although higher education has developed to a certain extent,its overall scale and quality of development are still worrying,and the Universities' layout structure and department structure are also out of balance over a long period of time.What is more serious is that Japanese fascists launched an all-round war of aggression against China,pursued the policy of”cultural destruction of China",recklessly wrecked and destroyed our institutions of higher learning,disrupted and blocked the normal development process of higher education in China.In order to promote the continuous development of higher education in wartime and meet the urgent needs of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the founding of the People's Republic of China,the National Government has issued corresponding policies,added a number of national and provincial institutions of higher learning,and encouraged and guided social organizations or private persons to set up private colleges and universities.According to statistics,73 wartime freshmen colleges and universities include comprehensive universities,normal universities,independent colleges and specialized schools,covering a wide range of disciplines such as arts,science,agriculture,industry,commerce,medicine,education,art and so on.In the process of development,teachers and equipments in newly-added colleges and universities are gradually enriched,and the teaching and management are constantly standardized.Despite the extremely difficult material conditions,the school teachers and students still strive to enrich campus life.All in all,these newly-added universities have certain particularities:wide geographical distribution,mainly gathered in the relatively stable western rear;diverse types of schools and subject settings,with the majority of practical subjects,and mostly led by the government;extremely weak foundation of running schools,which must rely on the support of the government and other forces;many hardships in the growth environment,forged the tenacious spiritual will of teachers and students.As far as the effects of running schools is concerned,the colleges and universities setting up during the Anti-Japanese War rescued a large number of young and poor students,trained a large number of intellectuals in various fields,directly or indirectly supported the cause of anti-Japanese salvation,promoted the local socio-economic construction and the development of cultural and educational enterprise,and made outstanding contributions to the country and the nation.Together with the migrating universities,these colleges and universities ha've jointly constructed a comprehensive picture of the recovery and development of higher education in China during the period of the Anti-Japanese War.At that time,the ability of dealing with crisis and managing matters during the war in the field of higher education,especially the spiritual outlook of the newly-added colleges and universities to strive for national independence,still has great historical value for the reform and development of contemporary higher education.