A Study On Student Management In Universities During The Period Of Anti-Japanese War

Student management is a very important part of school management and also a key point for personal training in school. During the Period of Anti-Japanese War, to maintain the normal operation of higher education, a set of relatively mature student management system had been formed in various higher institutes, which laid a good foundation for the recovery and development of higher education in that period. And its experience and deficiency can offer some reference for the structural reform on the current higher institutes.Enrollment management is an important part of the higher education and the first step of student management as well. During the Period of Anti-Japanese War, to standardize the higher education, the National Government, based on some experience and lessons from the university enrollment before Anti-Japanese War Period, carried out the reform and exploration on the enrollment management, thus making that period to be an important revolutionary stage in the modern enrollment history, which affected the enrollment system development of higher institute afterwards. It can be a significant milestone in the history of Chinese higher education development.Teaching management is the core of student management, even the core of school management. It is a key index to measure the level of a university. During the Period of Anti-Japanese War, the standardization of higher education courses and the unified compilation on teaching materials let each university have unified teaching standards and contents. Elective course based on scholastic school year and implementation of credit system can help the students establish an extensive and specialized academic foundation. Strict testing system can promote the forming of good learning style and greatly enhance the higher institute teaching quality thus to cultivate large groups of excellent talents for the Anti-Japanese War Period and various constructions in the society later on.According to the education policy of equal stress on morality, intelligence and physique, discipline education was stressed During the Period of Anti-Japanese War. At that period, the formulation of discipline standards, the establishment and perfection of discipline organization and the selection of discipline personnel can ensure that the discipline should be finally established and further strengthened. The discipline network, with major contents of entrance education, course education, tutorial system, scene education and party activities, had formed in that period. It was hosted by the board. Its implementation, in a certain degree, actually overcame the situation in which some higher institutes stressed the intellectual education and underestimated the moral education before the Anti-Japanese War Period and it could play an influential role in cultivating and gathering and giving full play to the moral quality and national spirits of college students. At the same time, The Kuomingtang would seize the chance to strengthen the instilling of ideology in universities, which made the discipline a tool for controlling the students’ thought thus causing dissimilation of the students. So it was resisted by the university teachers and students and obliviously it had a poor result.Sports and military training, which can be used to improve the physical quality and national defense awareness and skills of the university students, are important parts of higher education. Since the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War, to train the reserve force of national defense, to improve the students’physical quality and to conduct the national defense education, National Government paid attention to setting up the higher school institute physical courses and carrying out military training while various higher institutes) were making effort to prepare various sports and military facilities so as to provide the training opportunities for the students. In that period, the improvement of higher institute sports, military training course setting and the requirements could meet the needs of war environments and be conducive to improve the students’ physical quality. It could offer the physical guarantee for students to go on their study in the very hard conditions and strengthen the national defense awareness and skill of students and get prepared for cultivating reserve talents for military and national defense.As an important cultural phenomenon in the higher institutes, the student organizations in the universities were surging forwards vigorously During the Period of Anti-Japanese War. All the students organizations took mutual study as the objectives, gathered together for sharing the same hobbies, walked out of campus and served communities to fight against Japan and build a new country, thus forming a beautiful landscape at that period, which could add vitality for the students and offered activity space for student development in the Anti-Japanese War Period as well. To save large groups of students whose finance source was cut off in the war zone and who had financial difficulties in non-war zone, a financial-aid system for students, consisting of credit system, free public expense system, scholarship, work-study program and other associated methods(,) was basically formed in the higher institutes in wartime. Based on the possible expansion on the aid coverage, it could offer the lowest living guarantee for the student learning in the wartime and could solve their cares at home furthest. Meanwhile, greatest effort should be made to offer the students good learning environments and body conditions. Various higher institutes at that time had paid attention to the living management of students and mad greatest effort to offer life service and strengthened the unity of the students management and emphasis on forming the education habit in students’ daily life, thus a higher institute management system for students’ living with wartime features had been generated.Employment management of students was the final step for higher institute management and its implementation could directly affect the development of higher education and various social undertaking programs. During the Period of Anti-Japanese War, to promote the social construction in the rear area and the development of various undertakings at the front, National Government started to carry out overall plan on the students’ employment in universities. Employment network had gradually formed, in which the inspection, distribution, requisition and selection were given priority, overall plan and allocation by government and introduction by schools and social organizations and personal surviving had been integrated so as to furthest achieve the employment goals and made the higher education realize its unique value so as to strengthen our country especially in the Period of Anti-Japanese War.