Study On Dimensions Of Social Work Justice Of Contemporary China

" It was the best of times, it was the worst of times", reform and opening up, and the market economy have jointly created unprecendented wealth, desires of people have been satisfied to an unprecendented extent. However, social issues and evils arising out of industrialization, urbanization, modernization, social transformation and social shift have damaged more and more social fairness and justice and accordingly destroyed the confidence of people to modernization. To solve the social problems, to meet the needs of the society, to pursue social justice, promote social progress, China’s social work shoulder this mission. Under the initiative promotion of the Chinese Government, China’s social work developing fast in a way different from that of the western countries as starting and developing via folk mode, has become China’s way to solving social problems, realizing the transformation of government functions, meeting the growing needs of people in cultural life. Studying social justice from the perspective of the study of the development of China’s social work can not only deepen the social work and the theoretical knowledge of ethics, but also, in practice, contributes to the healthy development of social work and construction of social harmony.Social work originated in the western industrialization, urbanization and market-orientation, and has a history of over100years. From its historical development of over100years of social work, it has always taken social justice as its fundamental mission and value target. However, in different historical stages of development with the different social historical cultural background and specific objectives and missions of social work, our understanding to the justice of the social work and pursuit for the justice of social work also have different impact to the practice of social work practice. Social justice is an abstract and complex concept, also takes on multiple and comprehensive natures, in order to make it turn from theories into specific concepts, and further into operable practice and behaviors in practice, we, according to the main framework of wocial work and different orientation of values of justice, have decomposed the justice of social work. Social work is an interactive system composed of the government, social work agencies and social workers. Its connotation contains different value orientations as responsibility, justice, equality and care etc. Because the main objects have different directions of dedication, shoulder different missions and responsibilities in the social work development process, therefore, they have different priority and dimensions of justice. We believe, justice dimension of the government, responsibility dimension of social work agencies and care dimension of social workers have jointly constituted the justice system of social work, and also the coordinated action system in social work practice, and thus become an important safeguard of safe operation, healthy development and harmanic progress of social work. The justice of social work covers contents of two aspects, one is the reasonable distribution of social resources and embodied as distribution justice via the re-distribution of free goods to achieve social equality; another is to recognize the helped groups, to recognize the dignity of individuals of the groups, give individuals opportunities to join social cooperation, to contribute their power and get involved into the society to achieve the ojbectives of social justice. That is to say, the justice in social work is not only represented an a kind of value orientation of the government and society to provide resources and service to promote social stability, but also embodied as a pursuit the civil socity for freedom and equality, a service system to pass the social welfare to the unpriviledged people, and furthmore to be displayed as an interactive influence with understanding between the social workers and work objects with the purpose of reaching deep understanding of service objects and accompany them get out of dilemma.The emergence and development of the social work of China is a part of the reform of Chinese government system and social welfare system, and is characteristic of strong governmental advocation, promotion and construction. Justice and fairness become the pursuit of justice in the development of social work, and therefore embodies the dedication and shouldered responsbility of the government. Justice includes the basic concepts of freedom, equality and order, and they jointly consitute the closely interrelated bond of government administration and social work justice. Development of social work is the concrete embodiment of institutionization and action-orientation of the administration concept of the people-orientation of the government, and reveals the respect and realization of civil rights of the government, and also the changes of the concepts, modes and methods of the social administration of the government after achieving certain success of economic construction, and promotion of the people’s social welfare. In the new era, harmony has become the objective of social value of Chinese Government, while social work is targeted toward satisfying people’s demand, strengthen people’s capacity, harmonize social relationship, pay attention to disprivilaged people, sovle social problems, share social development results via specialized services to realize the harmony between people and environment, people and people itself and between people and society, therefore, harmony is the value pursuit of social work and enjoys conformity with the administration ojbectives of Chinese Government. To realize the dimension of justice of social work, it is necessary to:(1) the government innovates its social administration system and public service mode, turn governmental administration concpets, regulate governmental behavioral rules;(2) improve social safeguard system of justice, it is necessary to further improve social safeguard system so as to provide macroscopical insitutional safeguard for the development of social work, but also to clearly define the value basis and value concepts of social safeguard on basis of equality and justice to avoid the destiny of "efficiency priority, and take account of equality" resulted by the priority of economic construction;(3) to construct insitutional system of social work. Compared with western developed countries, China’s social work is evidently positioned at a starting stage with system construction falling hehind of practice, therefore, only with competent social work system can the resource superiority, authority and sustainability of social work development ensured;(4) cultivate non-governmental social work agencies, firstly it is necessary to create sound legal and institutional environment for the development of non-governmental agencies; and secondly, to improve registration and administration system of non-governmental social work agencies; and thirdly, to strengthen the monitoring and administration of non-governmental social work agencies; and finally, to promote the capability and development of non-governmental social work agencies themselves.Social work agencies are vocational organizations providing professional social services, and vocational agencies to provide job posts, job opportunities and growth space to a majority of social works, and it is also a representation of professionalization of social work of China. Emergence of social work agencies in China is closely related with the growth environment of civil socity. Values as equlity, freedom, democracy, participation, people-orientation and self-development etc.of civil society, independent and initiative non-governmental organizations with common interests pursuit in civil society, and sound legal and institutional system which ensure the common rights, interets and equal obligations of each person in civil society have prepared value precondition, organizational precondition and institutional precondition for the development of professional social work agencies. As per the missions and tasks of social work, we think, the pursuit of justice of social work agencies is embodied as the shouldering of public responsibility in the foremost. Social work agencies must bear certain public responsibility, as is firstly sourced from the public good nature of social work agencies; secondly originated from its ethic missions, and in view of the result theory, to study the serious aftermath of deficiency of public responsibility of social work agencies. Public responsibility of social work agencies include, assisting the government to provide optimal public social services; to provide diversified social services for the society and satisfy social demands of various groups; and shouldered professionalization and vocationalization of talents of social work. Reliazation of public responsibility of social work agencies is a process of continuous pursuit and realization of public good intentions. Realization of public responsibility of social work agencies is a system project which not only concerns the improvement of related national laws, rules and regulations; but also regulation of related social monitoring institution; not only a process of internal and external monitoring ensured by institutions and displined by others; but also a self-disciplined process from external discipline into self-discipline driven by ethic spirits. We need a diversified and commonly dedicated responsibility system composed of the government, society and social work agencies jointly.Social workers are basic units of social work practice, we present the word with most humanistic warmth in Chinese vocabulary as the justice pursuit of social workers. Social workers are characteristic of morality, therefore, in the practice of social work, social workers are not neutral to values, but a carrier of powerful values. Although they have professional methods and techniques of social work, they are also moral practioners with plenty of humane emotional factors and full of moral affection. The ulimate welfare of the objects of services is the service effect pursued by social workers. Care is a kind of virtual justice, because the caring party has disabandomed the abstract and common ethic principles and put emphasis on feeling and caring the desires, demands and emotions of the cared, pay attention to the interaction and mutual understanding of the carer and the cared, and internal healthy, growth process; and emphasize the foremost importance of capability, quality and virtue to application of rules, implementation of policies and realiztion of justice. However, due to temptation of professional technical reasoning and market economy reasoning, social work has turned into social engineering, social medical mode or administrational mode, and accordingly, social workers tend to lose the nature of pursuing humane care and social justice, therefore, in the development of social work, it is necessary to strengthen humane care of scoal work and re-shape the caring quality of social workers. The care of social workers lies in:providing services from the point of view of served objects instead of administrative or subjective objectives; to bond the active professional relationship betweeb the served object and social workers; to input active affection into professional relationship of social work instead of beaucratical technical operation; to view the served objects as "social man" to seek actively the relationship "network"---family, unit, community and groups. Cultivation of caring social workers not only needs participation of various parties of society, but also the moral practice and psychological adjustment of individuals, the routes of cultivation include:strengthening the identification of social workers with social work, and form a mode of "seeking social workes when encountering a problem"; constructing social work professional education system from the humanistic viewpoints and cultivate social workers with vitality; get involved in the life world and deepend the moral affection of social workers;put emphasis on self-care and keep their self life energey of "affecting life by life"...