Olympic Basic Year Training Mode Characteristics Of The Key Projects Of The National Canoe Team

The height of the competitive level depends on the thickness of its foundation. 2014 is the foundament year of Chinese National Canoe Team in Rio Olympics preparation cycles, the pros and cons of the training effect will directly affect the training deployment and process of the next two years. The women kayak pair and women kayak four have been the focus of Chinese Canoe Team, which have achieved excellent results in international competition in the past, but have not achieved the Olympic medal breakthrough. In the world background of rapid developing and fierce competition, only continue to strengthen the canoeing training in theoretical research and practical exploration, and improve the scientific level of training, we can achieve the continuous growing of Chinese canoeing project.Based on the methods of literature, expert interviews, field observation, tracking test, mathematical statistics, the paper analyzed the training design feature, training implementation feature and training monitoring features of the National Canoe Team’s key projects in Olympic foundational year, to reflect the mode characteristics of year-round training, and to reveal the characteristics of training of high level canoe team in China and provide the reference for Chinese canoeing project to improve its training scientific level. The main conclusions of the paper are as follow.The special feature of 500 meters women’s kayak is multidimensional. In the game mode, the speed competition is the key of the winning. In the energy supply way, it is oxygen metabolism based. On the endurance type, it is an aerobic endurance dominant project, but also is the strength endurance and speed endurance project. On the technical action structure, it is a sport of periodic single action structure, but also the upper limb distal fixation, nonsymmetry sports action. In the way of force, it emphasizes the harmony and unity of the whole body. In the speed structure, it includs start, acceleration, halfway row and sprint stages. On the racing tactics, the following tactics is more prominent at the high level competition, but the tactic are determined by the actual ability of athletes, and so on.In the whole year training design, the annual training objectives and tasks reflected the training weighted on the basis ability development in Olympic foundation year; the periodic structure of year-round training was three cycle training model, each cycle included some different stages; the training content was divided into the water-training and the land-training; water-training includes the training of aerobic ability, the mixed aerobic ability, the acidresisting ability and the speed ability, which specifically manifested in eight kinds of different grades; the land-training included the strength training, the endurance training, the coordination training and the technique training, each training has different characteristics; the amount of each level of annual water-training appeared reduced state, the strength training on land reflected the development sequence of the greatest strength- the strength endurance-explosive force.In the implementation of annual training, the water-training attached great importance to the foundament role of aerobic endurance training; the speed ability was trained throughout the annual training cycle; the training volume of each levels of ability formed rendering pyramid structure; the special ability training reflected the characteristics of promoting long distance by short distance. In the training of different boats’ kinds, the individual ability training played the basic role and reflected a polarization structure; the team boat training emphasized special ability. The strength training exhibited a cycle sequence pattern of the maximum strength- the strength endurance- explosive, and emphasized the pull ability training of upper limbs and back.In training monitoring, the relevant results of kinematics monitoring index reflected that the completion of annual competition target about the kayak four was better than kayak pair;the results of athletes’ single 500 meters, maximum strength and strength endurance had increased. The physiological function monitoring index reflected: athletes did not appear severe physical fatigue and over training in annual training; the indexes were easy to appear obvious change in early stage and pre-match stage; the single index can not fully reflect the training load of stimulate state. The annual training problem manifested in the amount of individual acid ability training relatively few, the velocity keeping ability of 2nd half needs to be further improved, the decision of the athletes’ combination of kayak pair was a little late, the racing strategy was slightly behind, the technical ability needed to further improve,the pull ability did not get very good improvement.