Studies On History Of Journalism Education In Modern China(1912~1949)

Journalism education in China’s modern history, as a reserch topic which has been paid less attention, is not only an important part of study on Chinese education history and journalism history, but also a weakness part of them. This dissertaion focus on above-mentioned object, many issues include background of origin of journalism education in modern China, its development course and historical reflection have been probed through the perspective of education, at the same time, along the historical context, also some in-depth research and analysis on typical case has been offered in this paper.In the early 20 th century, journalism education emerged in modern China, it was regarded as a result of China’s development in terms of politics, economy and civilization, a necessary requirement of advancement in terms of press, education system and journalism at the certain stage, as well as a historical necessity. During the generation of China’s journalism education, rapid expansion of press, as well as establishment and research of journalism have been considered separately as fuel and fuel booster in its engine, and the building of modern education system and introduction of foreign journalism education in modern China play the necessary preparation and provided a reference for it.The history of China’s modern journalism education could be diveded into three stages in accordance with its enlargement process, they are the prototype phase( 1912-1920), the creation phase( 1921-1927), and the prosperity phase( 1928-1949). The development of every stage about journalism education was distinct due to different historical background. When doing research, mass historical date has to be collected, organized and mined, tasks include identifing and sorting have to be conducted carefully so that the original appearance of the various phases are given by this thesis.The earliest time of journalism education in China can be traced back in 1912, in this year, founding of journalism education mechanism was proposed by China Press Development Association, and at the first time, attracted attention from the whole society. Henceforth, establishment of “News University” was proposed by the association as well. At the prototype phase part of this paper, above-mentioned initiatives are investigated, meanwhile emphasis is puted on reviewing of Journalism Study Society in Peking University, which is regarded as the beginning of China’s journalism education, issues cover its building process, research topics, teaching activities and faculty staffs. Contributions and ideas of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, Xu Baohuang, Shao Piaoping in the process of founding and operation of the Society are also elaborated in this chapter.In the year of 1921, the first department of press was founded in St. Johns University in Shanghai, the establishment of this department symbolized the starting of standard journalism edcation in Chinese higher education section, and China’s modern journalism education entered into the creation stage. In this phase, fourteen educational institutions in different types were seted up, the most typical representative among them included press department in St. Johns University in Shanghai, journalism departments in XIAMEN University, Yenching University, PINGMIN University, NANFANG University, and Press Training School. By reviewing these institutions one by one, characteristics of journalism education in this stage are concluded as follows: news education was awared and approved by society gradually; China’s press education was influenced by American University deeply; There were various approaches in founding these institutions and different training methods; Lack of “stability” due to many negative factors; These institutions were builded in a few cities; News education was focused on journalism itself from the beginning.Prosperity phase which is studied in deepth is the most important part of this text, its time span covers “the golden decade” when Nanjing national government in charge of China, Anti-Japanese war and war of liberation. In this period, the whole society had been suffered from social and political upheavals, education system and press industry changed constantly, but the press education was still kept growing rapidly bucause two reasons, one is the standard of information which was offered to people was enhanced both in the quantity and quality, the other one are attentions on propaganda ability and news talents, which came from all forces. In this phase, many new press education institutions had been seted up by social communities, KMT and CPC, or foreign forces( church or Japan). Because there were different funders, education organizations were distinct in terms of training objectives, curriculum, faculty staffs, and teaching method, some typical universities are chosed to be researched, and be presented by historical fact.In China’s modern journalism education history, there were two typical and representative organizations: they are news departments in Yenching University and Fudan University. They have been chaptered seprately on the purpose of case study. And the case study was concentrated on their founding process, teaching activities, representative individuals and their ideas according to the history of the two universities.The last section of this dissertation is historical reflection in terms of China’s journalism education. Aided by investigateing and analylizing of historical facts in above chapters, problems occurred in news education in China’s modern period and historical contributions of this stage are interpreted, and the enlightenments given by the history to today’s press education are discussed in reference manner.