The Study On The Optimization Of Internal Governance Structure In Colleges And Universities

The essence of internal governance structure in colleges and universities is that colleges and universities adopt the complex environment of modern society and improve the operating mechanism of governance level, and relative stakeholders reach the balance of power between obeying internal developing logic and agreeing with the external environment. When it comes to power in governance, it faces a series of problems, such as the strengthening of political power, the generalization of administrative power, the alienation of academic power and the deficiency of democratic power etc. All of those raise the absolute leadership position with political power and administrative power in colleges and universities, but academic power which replies with modern governance in colleges and universities retreat to a secondary position. However, both social expectations and development requirements of colleges and universities call for re-prioritize internal and external power and establish a set of balanced interest mechanism. What is worth to expect is that colleges and universities in china have completed many positive and meaningful explorations about enhancing the internal governance structure, and formed some new measures, such as REGULATIONS OF FUDAN UNIVERSITY, which offers some basic experience for feather optimizing governance structure in colleges and universities. However, due to the current reform is affected by the administration and the government standard of thought, the process of the internal reform is slow in most of the colleges and universities, even not really touch the core of school education and the disadvantages of the education management system for a long time, it is generally characterized by deepening the reform of the text, surface form getting more, less action implementation and sustainability measures and efficiency of internal governance structure. How to perfect the internal governance structure in colleges and universities, find a Chinese way which not only conforms to the law of development of higher education but balances the state of the nation, conducive to China’s long-term governance mechanism of the development of colleges and universities become the key to enhance the independently managing ability of colleges and universities and advance the construction of modern university system.Under comprehensive use of literature analysis method, the comparative method and case study method, firstly, this passage is on the basis of the result of the internal governance structure in colleges of China, the policy documents on reform of the educational system, and plans of management system reform from a part of colleges, finding it is few the comprehensive, realistic-tending and systematic investment on deep reform basing on tertiary education and improving the ability of autonomy in the background of streamline administration and delegate power to the low levels, although some investment on the optimization and improvement of the internal governance structure of has been done. Next, on the basis of literature review, this paper, using the comparative method, ravels out the definition, background and current situation of governance structure optimization design further; and comparing with the specific case from domestic famous colleges such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Shandong University and so on, this paper further finds the similarities of and differences of the internal governance structure in colleges on the aspects such as governing subject, organization framework, working mechanism, propulsion mode and so on. Another, the optimization and improvement of the internal governance structure in colleges and universities can’t finish digging simply through the historical clues behind the colors, this study focus on the synchronic and the diachronic in the system evolution process. Through the analysis of the university governance structure’s formation and evolution in the typical countries such as Germany, Britain, Japan and United States, presenting the inner differences and the reasons of the university governance structure change, to provide guidance in the relationship between the governance structure and governance capabilities. In additional, collecting data for case study through the spot investigation, individual interview, observation, questionnaire and other specific methods, mainly regard what is the theoretical logic of internal governance structure of a university" as the research topic, regarding "Decision system", "the implementation system", "supervision system", "common governance system", "the council decision mechanism", "incentive and constraint mechanism", "information disclosure mechanism as the examine variables to set related interview questions and questionnaire options to understand and analysis the specific process of innovation in promoting the internal governance structure. By the analysis of one or more cases, inductive universal conclusions. On the one hand, providing practical basis for the analysis of the disadvantages of the current internal governance structure in colleges and universities, on the other hand, providing empirical support to deep the theoretical research, innovate internal governance structure in colleges and universities.In the term of research appliance, this passage draws lessons from a general framework of actor-system-dynamics theory and does research in the interior main authorities in college and its relationship of interaction and balance from the prospect of completely balance between the main parts related to interests. Which planned as a whole is the analytical framework of actor main body, system and environment. The passage puts the improvement of college interior administer structure under the trend of nation’s streamline administration and institute decentralization. We get four conclusions which are as follows:(1) College interior administer structure comprised of five authority main parts:First, the secretary of the party committee and the headmaster are the core representative of the main leadership in college. Second, main part of the academic authority represented by the professors. Third, college student and normal teachers act as the main part of democratic participants. Fourth, the main part of administrative powers. Fifth, main part of exterior authority mainly consists of the board of trustees. (2) There are some problems existing in the internal governance structure in colleges and universities generally First, the trapezoid structure of power can’t connect the principal position of power. Second, the regulatory closed-loop structure causes the fear of management and supervision power. Third, the design of the rules is still faulty. Forth, the external environment, which offers source of substances and society to make the system better, still needs to be improved. (3) There are some goals and measures of the internal governance structure optimization in colleges and universities. Through the establishment of board of directors, which is consisted of government officials, social celebrities, National People’s Congress on behalf of the Chinese people’s political consultative conference committee, education experts, school representatives and so on, who are on half of themselves, perfect the governance mechanism of "the leading of the Party, administration of the universities by the president, administration of scholarly work by the professors, democratic management, the participation of teachers and students, social supervision", and in the end, form efficient operating mechanism combined of the power from politics of the Party, administration of president, professors’ learning, teachers, students and society, which can coordinate with each other greatly. In the design of measures by means of the excessive restrictions the government set on internal affairs, optimizing adjustment of the main subjects of authorities in academic, as well as balancing political power subject and administrative power subject to optimize the governance which is a vital factor in a governing agency. At the same time, the status of the board of directors and the boundaries of the power need to be redefined, and gradually expand the participation of social subjects and the main body of democracy, good debugging environment elements, in the interactive feedback to improve the behavior of the organization. (4) The applicability of the actor-system-dynamics theory:Actor system dynamics theory can fully reflect the interaction between subject, system, and environment, has comprehensively and systematically and dynamic nature of the unique advantages, the theory in the study of the evolution of the internal governance structure has strong applicability.