A Study On The S&T Innovation Efficiency Of Colleges From The Perspective Of Innovation Value Chain

As an important engine of scientific and technological innovation and a high level of creative talents, colleges and universities have played an important role in promoting economic development and promoting social progress. However, in the process of scientific and technological innovation, colleges are faced with the fact that innovative resources are underutilized. With the implementation of national innovation strategy and the increasing investment of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities, the problem of low efficiency of resource utilization will become more prominent. The research on the innovation efficiency of Chinese higher education institutions is an important way to clarify the development of the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in colleges, which will help to provide empirical basis for policy formulation and implementation of technology innovation system of colleges, so as to guide the optimization of technology innovation investment resources to improve the level of output of science and technology innovation.Around the research on the innovation efficiency of Chinese higher education institutions, the many scholars at home or abroad have carried on the extensive and thorough exploration, but the existing researches take the S&T innovation activities in colleges and universities as a "black box" process, so that it can’t explore the influence of each sub process of the S&T innovation activities on the innovation efficiency of the whole system, and also not help to find the root cause of the non-effective. The S&T innovation of colleges is decomposed into sub-processes of knowledge-production and achievement-transformation from the perspective of innovation value chain, then this paper performs the exploratory research from the aspects of S&T innovation efficiency of colleges in different stages, inherent and external interrelated factors, cause of dynamic change, convergence feature and spillover effects.The innovative work and the main conclusions are as follows:Firstly, this paper studies the changing status of the colleges’S&T innovation efficiency in different stages and it’s inherent and external influencing factors from the perspective of innovation value chain. The empirical results indicate that the innovation efficiency at knowledge-output stage is steadily increasing, the innovation efficiency at achievement-transformation stage is slowly falling, and the overall innovation efficiency still remain about the same. The connected effectiveness between the knowledge-output stage and the achievement-transformation stage is weak. The Colleges’S&T cooperation and exchanges has a significant role in promoting knowledge-output efficiency, achievement-transformation efficiency and the whole innovation efficiency. The quality of R&D personnel characterized by the proportion of scientists and engineers has a significantly positive correlation to knowledge-output efficiency and the whole innovation efficiency, but has a not significant negative correlation to the achievement-transformation efficiency. During the sample period, the increase of the government’s support for S&T innovation activities in colleges cannot effectively improve the innovation efficiency at knowledge-output stage and the whole innovation efficiency, and the government expenditures is diseconomy of scale. The connection relationship between universities and enterprises has a significant positive effect on the achievement-transformation efficiency.Secondly, this paper studies the dynamic change track of the colleges’S&T innovation efficiency at different stages from the perspective of innovation value chain, and performs simultaneous quantitative analysis of the reason for the dynamic change from the aspects of technical progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Empirical results show that, during the sample period, the increasing scientific research ability significantly improves the knowledge-output efficiency, and the outdated scientific research output management styles slow the growth of the knowledge-output efficiency. The gradual improvement of the achievements management system promotes the increase in achievement-transformation efficiency, and the declining technology innovation level of knowledge production hinders the growth of the achievement-transformation efficiency.Thirdly, this paper examines the spatial correlation of the colleges’S&T innovation efficiency at different stages from the perspective of innovation value chain, incorporates spatial effect into the convergence study and comparatively analyzes the convergent disparity of the colleges’S&T innovation efficiency with considering the spatial effect or not. Empirical results show that the knowledge-output efficiency and the achievement-transformation efficiency exist both absolute β convergence and β convergence characteristics. After considering the spatial effect, the convergence speed of the innovation efficiency at each stage becomes faster, and the half convergence time is significantly reduced. During the sample period, neither the colleges’ knowledge-output efficiency in the eastern, central and western regions, nor the colleges’achievement-transformation efficiency in central and western regions has the characteristics of club convergence. However, in the period of 2007-2010, the colleges’ knowledge-output efficiency in the central and western regions and the colleges’ achievement-transformation efficiency in eastern, central and western regions has the characteristics of club convergence.Finally, this paper analyzes the spatial spillover effect of the colleges’ S&T innovation efficiency at different stages from the perspective of innovation value chain, and discusses the structural differences of spillover effect under different spatial weight matrix. The empirical results show that the spatial spillover effect of knowledge-output efficiency is non-significant positive. Nevertheless, the spatial spillover effect of the achievement-transformation efficiency is significantly positive, it indicates that the improvement of the achievement-transformation efficiency can have an important pushing role on the adjacent regions. Judging by the comparative results under different spatial weight types, geographical distance and human capital have no significant effect on the spillover effect of knowledge-output efficiency. Compared with geographical distance factor, the effect of economic development level on the spillover effect of the spillover effect of the achievement-transformation efficiency is greater.