Research On The Impact Of Innovation Environment On The Transformation Efficiency Of Scientific And Technological Achievements In Colleges And Universities

As the highland of scientific and technological resources,colleges and universities are the key force to promote the transformation of achievements,and also the birthplace of original innovation and cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements.Under the background of the national innovation driven development strategy,relevant policies were issued in 2015 to promote the construction of colleges and universities,and five specific tasks including promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements were proposed.In 2020,the pilot program of giving researchers the right to use and ownership will make the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities face a turning point.Therefore,it is of great significance to scientifically evaluate the successful transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities and the specific influencing factors.Based on the theory of innovation environment and innovation chain,this paper divides the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities into research and development and commercialization stages,calculates the static and dynamic transformation efficiency from the perspective of time and ecological region,and discusses the influence of innovation environment factors by types and then put forward countermeasures and suggestions.Based on the theory of innovation environment and innovation chain,the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is divided into research and development stage and commercialization stage.Taking the provincial university data from 2010 to 2018 as the research object,the input and output of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities are analyzed from the perspective of time and ecological region.Comprehensively use two-stage network DEA model and Malmquist index model to compare the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in different time and ecological regions.Based on the two-stage network DEA model(static)calculation results,analyze the impact of internal and external innovation environment.Put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions according to the above research results.The results show that: From the static point of view,the overall efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Colleges and universities in China is lower than that in each sub stage,and the efficiency in the commercialization stage is lower than that in the research and development stage,indicating that the overall low efficiency is mainly affected by the low efficiency in the commercialization stage.Moreover,there is a large gap in the research and development level of scientific and technological achievements among universities in various provinces,and the R&D and transformation of scientific and technological achievements lack of matching and cooperation,which leads to the waste of resources.From the dynamic point of view,the increase of TFP index is mainly affected by the increase of technology progress in the research and development stage,and universities should improve the management system.Technical efficiency is the main factor affecting TFP index in the commercialization stage.Colleges and universities should increase investment in science and technology such as talents and funds.From the perspective of influencing factors,the transformation efficiency is more affected by the internal innovation environment than by the external environment,in which the quality of scientific and technological achievements,collaborative innovation model in the internal innovation environment,and the level of economic development in the external innovation environment have a more significant impact.In the internal innovation environment of colleges and universities,the structure of human capital and the quality of scientific and technological achievements have a positive impact,while the collaborative innovation mode only has a positive impact in the commercialization stage.Among the external innovation environment factors,regional development level and transportation convenience have a positive impact,but the impact of regional development level is more significant,and government funding only has a positive impact in the commercialization stage.Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions,such as improving the allocation of university resources,improving the personnel training and evaluation mechanism,promoting the collaborative development of universities in the region,and optimizing the scientific and technological innovation environment.