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The Research On Spatial Envolutions Of Rural Settlements In Typical Area Of The Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Posted on:2016-01-27Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:J MinFull Text:PDF
GTID:1227330503951603Subject:Physical geography
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As the external space form of human production and living, settlement is the most richest carriers about environment and culture information.the envolution of the settlement can reflect profoundly the change of natural environment and social culture. The Three Gores reservoir region, which includes lots of cultivate and settlement land flooded, is facing severe challenges like overlapping of cultivated land and suitable region of construction land, extensive rural residential land use and ecological environment destruction. In this paper, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, located in the center of The Three Gores reservoir region was selected as the specific demonstration region. Research time was before and after the construction of the Three Gorges Project(from 1995 to 2012). And its rural settlement spatial evolution had general evolvement rules. The construction of Three Gorges Water Conservancy Main Project and the special background of immigrants provided this region with different development. Study of spatial evolution on rural settlement will enrich and perfect rural settlement theory, rural geographical theory, lead regional “new rural construction” and “comprehensive land improvement” in a rational and steady way, which is of great significance both in theory and in practice.Based on “pattern-dynamic condition-mechanism” research model that was frequently used in geographic subject, “pattern” and “function” were the basic attributes and compositions of rural settlement spatial evolution in this paper. Principal research time nodes were 1995 before the impounding of Three Gorges Reservoir, and 2012 after the impounding. Research methods like GIS spatial analysis, spatial panel data model, landscape ecology were applied in this paper. Dynamic evolution track of rural settlement space in Wanzhou District was studied from rural settlement spatial pattern and function to destruct the inner mechanism of rural settlement spatial evolution in Wanzhou District, and to discuss the methods and strategy of rural settlement spatial optimization reconstruction in Three Gorges reservoir area. The conclusions are as follows:1. An important view of rural settlement spatial evolution of “patter-function” coupling relationship was built. Traditional spatial evolution research model that “pattern-dynamic conditionmechanism” was the foundation. “Pattern” and “function” were basic attributes and compositions of rural settlement system. Actually, rural settlement spatial evolution process was the concentrated reflection of the interaction of rural settlement pattern and function. Pattern was the spatial carrier of function while function was the essential content of pattern. Research was carried out according to the dynamic evolution, mechanism and reconstruction optimization of pattern and function.2. Multiple modes were found in the rural settlement spatial evolution in Wanzhou District before and after the Three Gorges Project Construction, which had obvious spatial variation in spatial distribution, land use allocation, and dimensional structure. ① From 1995 to 2012, rural settlement land use scale increased in Wanzhou District, with “small-scale large settlement” in space; total number of plaques decreased, with differentiation characteristic that “dense in west sparse in east” in space. Layout pattern increased towards aimless expansion and expansion along with roads. ② It was more obvious that rural settlement spatial distribution was directed by roads, with weaker terrain restrains. ③ Different speed characteristic was found in rural settlement land use scale that rapid growth in the east, slow growth in the west, decrease in the center; the increase speed of rural settlement land use of most villages along rivers and in hill areas decreased gradually with increasing transferring speed. Rural settlement land use in mountain areas increased with homonymous increase of transferring speed, as well as obvious change. ④ Spatial evolution pattern was determined through rural settlement land transferring attitude, essential evolution characteristics like distribution, structure, size. Rural settlement spatial elevation modes in Wanzhou can be divided into four large categories, including natural evolution, accelerated evolution, violent evolution, and disturbance of Three Gorges Project, as well as nine small categories, in which accelerated evolution was main evolution mode.3. An obvious spatial variation was found in rural settlement functional development index in Wanzhou District. In these seventeen years, rural settlement function of Wanzhou District transferred from residential living function to diversification, from unicity to variety, with obvious spatial differentiation. Ring-like characteristic was found in the spatial distribution of residential living function and nonagricultural production function, with high agricultural production function space fragmentation. Overall function index was characterized with spatial feature that “high index of urban area and area alongside rivers, low index in eastern part, with obvious settlement effect”. Village-level rural settlement function in Wanzhou can be divided into four large categories and sixteen small categories by function development advantage index, including residential living function advantage, agricultural industrial function advantage, non-agricultural function advantage and balanced function.4. Low coupling coordination was found in overall rural settlement spatial pattern and function in Wanzhou District. The relation between rural settlement spatial pattern and function was a twodimension relation with mutual promoting and threatening. Rural settlement pattern and function in Wanzhou District was at low coupling coordination stage. Most corresponding communities in suburb and organic towns were at middle-high coupling coordination stage, with proper spatial scale, good regional condition and high function index; those in outer suburbs and mountain area were at low coupling coordination stage, with increasing aimless land use scale, low function index, poor transportation infrastructure and regional condition.5. Rural settlement structure evolution and function diverse development generated due to differentiation-based dominant driving force. Classical and spatial panel data model were employed to study the influence factors and driving mechanism of rural settlement spatial evolution in Wanzhou District, results revealed that: ① Universal and fundamental effect of terrain factor did not reveal in the rural settlement spatial evolution during the construction of the Three Gorges Project; location factors like traffic and downtown had strong spatial appeal towards rural settlement spatial revolution, with limited influence scope; macro policy regulation and sudden elements, such as overall urbanrural development, new rural construction, land exchange system, large-scale water conservancy project, became major and sudden forces of spatial evolution. ② Urbanization, industrialization, regional conditions, and policy system regulation became the leading factors of rural settlement spatial variation in suburb and towns. Under the influence of this driving force, rural settlement developed into or generated the negative evolution of town transition or accelerated positive evolution. ③ Under the positive influence of terrain and population and economic factors like low-medium terrain, population density, GDP per land area, as well as the negative influence of the construction of the Three Gorges Project, rural settlement spatial evolution of towns along rivers might generate natural rural settlement evolution or sudden evolution. ④ Rural settlement of towns in hill area were under great influence of low-medium terrain and traffic impact generally, and part was effected by the negative drive of cultivated land changing rate or organic town center. Natural rural settlement evolution and accelerated positive evolution always came into being. ⑤ Restriction function of natural environment still played a dominant role in the rural settlement in rural mountain area or within natural reservations. Under the proper influence of population and policy system, natural evolution and negative accelerated evolution might come into being.6. Based on principles like overall urban and rural development, highlighting the dominant function, rural settlement function of 41 towns and 531 villages in Wanzhou can be optimized into five large regions, in which 82 with suburb highly extensive optimization,53 with specialty industrial development optimization, 72 with ecological barrier ecological industry optimization, 68 with ecological remediation and protection optimization, 112 with comprehensive function integration optimization, 144 with residential service improvement optimization, creating a pattern with “five regions and several areas, diversified categories” in the space. In accordance with four indexes, including development foundation, production conditions, living conditions and ecological environment which reflected rural settlement development potential, adjustment and optimization of form, location and scale were made to the rural settlement spatial pattern in Wanzhou. Detailed design included 95 town-transition villages, 60 key development villages, 219 moderate development villages, 111 limited development villages and 46 migrating and combined villages.The paper built an important view of rural settlement spatial evolution of “patter-function” coupling relationship was built.Pattern was the spatial carrier of function while function was the essential content of pattern. Research was carried out according to the dynamic evolution, mechanism and reconstruction optimization of pattern and function. What’s more, the paper rebuilt the spatial evolution pattern through rural settlement land transferring attitude, essential evolution characteristics like distribution, structure, size. Rural settlement spatial elevation modes in Wanzhou can be divided into four large categories, including natural evolution, accelerated evolution, violent evolution, and disturbance of Three Gorges Project, as well as nine small categories, which In order to provide a better basis for the study of the spatial evolution of rural settlement in the reservoir area, enrich the research contents of the rural settlement geography, and provides a practical basis for the construction of rural settlement in the reservoir area.
Keywords/Search Tags:rural settlement, spatial pattern, rural settlement functions, pattern and function coupling, The Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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