Research On The Evolution And Coordination Of Rural Multi-function In The Three Gorges Reservoir Area Of Chongqing

As an important space for human production and life,the countryside has the objective attributes of multiple value functions such as ecology,society and culture.Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization,the problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers have gradually constituted outstanding problems that restrict China’s modernization and sustainable development.At the same time,with the socio-economic development and the adjustment of the structure of residents’ needs,in order to meet the needs of multiple subjects,villages are required to provide more products and service,and the new factors and mechanisms in the development drive the connotation of rural multi-functions to be more rich,and the change of function types and intensity is increasingly obvious.The rural revitalization strategy proposed by the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the No.1 Central Document in 2021 both emphasized the multi-functionality effect of rural areas,and the research on rural multi-functionality has become an important topic that needs to be discussed in depth in the field of rural disciplines.The Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing integrates western mountainous areas,traditional agricultural areas,urban suburbs,and large-scale reservoir areas.The complex geographical environment and extremely important strategic geographical position determine that the multi-functional rural development in this area is essential for maintaining regional ecological security,promoting the optimization of regional human settlement environment quality,and urban-rural integrated development.Based on the analysis of rural multi-functional connotation and the collection of related data,this paper takes the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing as the research area.The rural multi-functional evaluation index system is constructed from the four dimensions of agricultural production function,economic development function,social security function,and ecological conservation function.The weights are determined by a combination of the mean square error method and entropy method.The year 2003,2007,2013 and 2018 were selected as the typical research years,the multifactor comprehensive evaluation method is used to comprehensively measure rural functions and then to explore the characteristics of rural multi-functional spatio-temporal evolution.Combining the coupling and coordination degree model to quantitatively reveal the strength and the coordination level of the rural multi-functional coupling effect,the obstacle degree model is introduced to diagnose and measure the obstacle factors and the obstacle degree of the rural multi-functional development.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)From 2003 to 2018,the rural function index of various dimensions and the multifunctional comprehensive development level of the village in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing showed an overall upward trend,and the the evolution of spatial variation was obvious.The agricultural production function index and its spatial variation showed a slow increasing trend.The economic development function and social security function index showed a rapid growth trend,and shows a significant from 2007 to 2013,and the spatial balance was gradually enhanced.The ecological conservation function index showed a fluctuating growth trend,its spatial pattern remained basically unchanged,and the spatial differentiation gradually strengthened.From 2003 to 2018,under the combined effect of the functions of the four dimensions,the average value of the rural multi-function comprehensive degree increased from 0.2215 to 0.4412,and the spatial distribution gradually evolved from the surrounding high-middle depression to the overall relatively balanced evolution,and the spatial variation continued to shrink.(2)The combination of advantageous functions of the villages in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing is diverse,with significant temporal and spatial variation characteristics.The dominant function types in rural areas are dominated by single function,and 8 dominant function types are included.Their pattern of manifestations are generally relatively stable,and the spatial distribution has obvious regional differences.The number of districts and counties included in each type has changed significantly,and the dominant function types of most districts and counties have changed.It illustrate that the dominant type of ecological conservation has decreased significantly,the dominant type of economic development has increased significantly,and the combination of economic development-social security type and agricultural development-ecological conservation type are obvious.(3)The coupling effect intensity and coupling coordination level of rural multifunctions in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing gradually increased,with differences in spatial variation.The coupling degree of rural multi-functions has entered the high level coupling stage from the running-in stage,the overall level is on the rise,and the spatial differentiation in the east-west direction gradually decreases.The degree of multi-functional coupling coordination in rural areas has shifted from being on the verge of dysfunction to a primary state of coordination,but the overall coordination level(0.5301)is not on the high level,and the spatial differentiation shows a change characteristic of decreasing on the first and then increasing.According to the decomposition of Thiel’s coefficient,the overall gap in 2003 was mainly derived from the inter-regional gap,and in 2007-2018 was mainly derived from the intra-regional gap,among which the gap between counties and regions in the tail of the reservoir area had a significant impact on the overall spatial gap.(4)The obstacles to the multi-functional development of rural areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing mainly come from economic development functions and social security functions.Among the main obstacle factors of the indicator layer from2003 to 2018,the obstacles of rural electricity consumption level are very significant and the obstacles are increasing.The obstacles of per capita financial contribution,per capita GDP,per capita agricultural,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery output per capita,and per capita fixed asset investment are increasing.The volatility declines,the per capita water resources,the proportion of natural reserves,and the value of ecosystem services have gradually increased.From the perspective of functional barriers,the degree of agricultural production dysfunction has always been at the bottom and has shown a slow upward trend.The degree of developmental function and social security dysfunction ranks in the forefront and shows a continuous downward trend.The degree of ecological conservation dysfunction is gradually increasing,and becomes the major obstacle by 2018.