The Study On Volleyball Players Eye Movement Characteristics Of The Level Of Special Cognition

In view of the special cognition level of players,one of vital research project in current sports psychology field focus on exploring the developing characteristics of mental abilities of special sports and revealing training mechanism about special mental abilities.Visual information extraction is the basic mental support in the process of physical activities and its various extracting patterns is likely to reflect the distinctions of athletic abilities between excellent players and average players or novices.Eye movement analysis is believed to be one of the most effective approaches to study the visual information processing and has been widely applied to the studies on each sport. For the purpose of understanding the visual information characteristics of volleyball players,the present paper,based on information processing theory,records saccade indicators,such as fixation number,saccade, fixation frequency,using "expert-novice" paradigm and eye tracking system.According to different tasks,the present paper is divided into three parts and mainly concentrates on evaluating the information processing of the subjects effectively through behaviors indicators, such as eye movement records identified by special volleyball picture materials,response and exactness.The first study reveals that the first and second fixations of expert group last longer than that of novice group and obvious distinctions exist between them.As for expert group,its fixation numbers are fewer but its duration is longer;its fixation scope is broader but its fixation spots are fewer and dispersed.The subjects take the volleyball in the court as center and their fixation disperse outside like radiation. Saccade back and forth near net is one of the most important means for the subjects to obtain important information.The differences of picture materials have a conspicuous effect on the first fixation,the second fixation time and pupil diameter.Other distinctions are not obvious. The second study shows that expert group can understand sentences much better than the other two groups and the distinctions is obvious. Nevertheless the behavior indicators of three groups when responding have no differences.Their response to matching information is faster than their response to mismatching information,Moreover the distinctions are obvious.The distinctions of three different types of information are conspicuous,among of which the response to background information is the slowest and its exactness is lower,However,the response to the content information is the fastest and its exactness is higher.As for expert group,its second fixation lasts a short time;its fixation numbers are more;its fixation duration is short.The differences of materials influence the eye movement indicators of the subjects---the second fixation,fixation number,fixation duration,pupil diameter,saccade distance,etc.The third study tells that the information processing speed of expert group is the more fast and precise and can judge information effectively in shorter time.The more difficult a task is,the longer the first fixation lasts,the more the fixation numbers increase,the larger saccade distance becomes.By contrast,the fixation tracks of expert group are much more concentrated and effective,but the fixation tracks of novice group are much more dispersed and its fixation spots are numerous without specific regularity.All studies indicate that eye movement analysis can be applied to the studies on special cognition characteristics of volleyball sports.In addition,eye movement analysis can make evaluation on information processing of the subjects at different levels on condition that it is combined with concrete cognition tasks and analyzes each indicator of the subjects on the whole.