Research On The Policy Of Elders’ Sport Since The Reform And Opening-up In China

Under the conditions of planned economy, the Chinese society is a "big government, small society" in social patterns. Sport authorities engage in all the sport matter, from macro to micro, which is the import reason of low management level and efficiency of sport sectors. Since the Reform and Opening-up, and the development of world economic globalization and democratization of politics, profound changes have occurred in China’s social, political, cultural and sports and many other areas, after the deep reform of its political and economic system, and the accession to WTO. The existing political, administrative and integral society has gradually transited to an open, market-oriented and diverse new society. Under the background of political and economic reform, the rigid governance and the monopolization of social and public services and social management subsequently replaced by the governance model of a wide range of self-service and self-management. China, a highly centralized government of "big government, small society" has moved toward to the government of "small government, big society", with the common development among the government departments, the economic profit sectors, and the third sectors.The main methods in this research are:documents reading, investigating, contrasting, interviewing, and logical analysis.The main conclusions are as following:the formulation of the seniors’sports policy increasingly reflects the goal in building a harmonious society by "health and longevity-oriented, entertainment pension". The mass sports policies in China have covered policies and measures on the development of the seniors’sport, playing a guiding and coordinating role in the development of seniors’sport. Since the reform and opening up, the seniors’sports policies have gone through a prominent social, legal, scientific, and mixing sport into life four stages. At every stage, changes of the policies are closely related to the development of China’s politics, culture, economics, and society. The establishment of the concept of service- oriented government, economic development level and the improvement of social security system, the successful bidding and hosting of Beijing Olympic Games, and government changes in sport function, and the absence of the management of primary seniors’sport, interest groups’pursuit of needs, and the diverse sport needs of seniors have restricted the formulation and implementation of seniors’sport policy. The highlight of the diverse sport need of seniors has both the internal "need to exercise" power, and the external reason of the improvement of social support system. There exist the following deficiencies of government in the diverse sport needs in seniors: unclear responsibilities among governing bodies, mistakes in decision-making, the irrational managing methods, the dilution of service consciousness, and the products and services provided cannot meet seniors’sport need. Reasons are:the concept of one all-powerful government has not really changed; laws, regulations and policies are imperfect; the administrative managing way inhibits the development of non-government organizations of the seniors’sport. In the future, the policy adjustments of seniors’sport are not only the policy of the elements of seniors’sport, but also the improvement of social support system for the development of seniors’ sport.