| Along with the accelerated process of global economic integration, global value chain hasbeen influencing the profit allocation mechanism in social and economic life. In the Thetheories of Plant Variety Rights Value Chain (PVR-VC) and its profit allocation that thisarticle has put forward, was originated from the depth thinking over the present and futuresituation of Chinese Seed Industry. In the21stcentury, under the background of knowledgeglobalization, agricultural intellectual property has got an unprecedented progress, and thecenter of intellectual property has spread to the agriculture and the seed resources. PlantVariety Rights has turned into the extended power and the powerful weapon used for thecompetition among the seed companies. The existence and development of seed companieshave began to depend more and more on genetic resources storage, the constant innovation ofbreeding technology and the rapid making the genetic resources step into the industrialization,which can’t only depend on the limited technology and resources of seed companiesthemselves. Now more and more seed companies have tended to searching for the partnersincluding the breeding part and the marketing part. Therefore, it has been the importantchannel for the development of seed companies to construct the Plant Variety Rights ValueChain (PVR-VC). Simultaneously while construct PVR-VC, a new arrangement of profitallocation has been formed. If a suitable and reasonable profit allocation method and a set ofoperative profit allocation contracts could be found, the stability and competitive advantagesof value chain has got the great improvement. So, PVR-VC’s profit allocation has been of theexploratory research and the strong practical significance, which right is the article’sdestination.Along the track “theoretical study'theoretical usage'theoretical extension'policyadvices”, the article has put forward the above mentioned problems in view of the currenttroubles of seed industry, and set up the research frame “PVR-VC'PVR-VC’s profitallocation contracts'the positive analysis'designing the profit allocation contracts ofPVR-VC”. The main contents are as followed:(1) It is the foundation of the above given problem to exactly know about the current situation and tendency of knowledge intellectual economy and Chinese seed industry. Fromthe macro and micro levels, the article analyzed the necessity and importance of the seedindustry development in an overall. In view of the scare study on PVR-VC, the articlecommented on the domestic and foreign study conditions from the three angles, that is, PVReconomic angle, value chain angle and profit allocation angle.(2) The theory system of PVR-VC was the foundation of analysis basis. The PVR value isof the different features from the visible goods, and PVR-VC also is of the different features,the principal of establishment and structural models from the common value chain. In view ofthe definitions of such value chain as technological innovation value chain, knowledge valuechain and intellectual property value chain, this article specified in detail the definition ofPVR-VC, introduced the principal of establishment and four models, emphasized on theprincipal-agent relationship among the partners and the PVR-VC’s profit allocation studybased on the basis chain. The study indicated that the PVR-VC operation mechanismessentially was the principal-agent mechanism, the seed company has become the coremember depending on itself advantages, and the profit allocation contracts designed by theseed company could coordinate the stability of PVR-VC’s operation.(3) The principal-agent model, contracts combination, the share rule and the setting ofcontract parameters were the essential points of designing the PVR-VC profit allocationcontracts. The profit allocation contracts are the relative agreements to guarantee the interestcoordination among the members and optimize the performance of value chain by offering thesuitable information sharing and incentive measures. The contract at least could confirm onething that each member taking part in the value chain could get the more profit than before.The study indicated that the article, when designing the contract, in order to erase the negativeinfluence originated from information asymmetry, should consider the different contractcombination, the positive actions on sharing the risks from the share rule, the coordinationactions on the whole value chain performances from the exact contract parameters, and so on.(4) The empirical research on the correlation between the influencing factors and theperformances of contracts were the theoretical basis. The course of designing the contracts isthe same with the course of constructing the models of profit allocation. Based on the train ofthought about supply chain, it is feasible to pick up the decision variables concerning aboutprofit allocation contracts and change the variables into the model parameters. This article haschosen such the variables as the working standards, the bargaining ability, the input andcontribution to PVR-VC, the model of R&D, rebating model, and then has fixed whether toset up the above mentioned variables into the contract models by discussing whether there existed the positive relationships between the variables and the performances. The studyindicated that the designed contracts would be effective if considering the above variables.(5) The judgment of profit allocation contracts based on the two-stage is the first step. Togive the unified contracts to the breeding part and the marketing part is to simplify theworking procedure of the principle, and the result is that both the breeding and the marketingcan get the same incentive. The study indicated that the whole PVR-VC couldn’t depend onthe only profit allocation contracts and it needed to design the two-stage contracts accordingto themselves features, which could receive the better incentive effect.(6) Finally, with the combination of study on the PVR-VC of the developed country, thisarticle has put forward some policy advices about the mechanism of profit allocation,concluded the main opinions or results, and pointed to the drawbacks. |
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