The Path Choice And Several Problems In The Urbanization Of Population Equilibrium

The urbanization is the inevitable trend of the development of economy and society, and it is also the way to measure the development level of economy and society of countries and regions. Since the policy of reform and opening up has been worked, with the rapid development of economy, the rapid accelerating of the urbanization process is also obviously, and the urbanization level increased significantly. The the rapid development of urbanization process has not only played an important role in China’s econo, but also affects the economic development of the whole world,which has been received worldwide attention. But the situation that China’s urbanization development fell behind the development of industrialized level, have seriously restricted the economic development of our country,and has become the bottleneck to the new round of wealth assemble in the new era.In the21st century, the development of China’s urbanization faces with more complex environment.The economic globalization shortens the gap between nations and regions,and has a great impact on each country’s economic development and urbanization pattern; In the era of knowledge economy and information economy, the competition between countries has been focus on knowledge, talent, science and technology and industry, and has become the competition between the cities gather with industry, finance, trade, information, science and talents; With the launch of comprehensive construction of well-off society, the further development of the market economic system and the change of global climate requies the sustainable and harmonious development of population, resources and environment in China.First of all, the urban development are facing a series of pressure and challenges, which can be summarized as the pressure of population and employment, land resources supply,water and energy, environmental improvement, public facilities, social security system and public service, etc. Secondly, the development of the city strategy appeared to be adjust, therefore in the future,the development strategy of the urbanization wil emphasis more on the quality and benefits of development. The urbanization process will reach the balance to the high level, and realize the back-feeding from urban to rural, which can gradually reduce the structure gap between urban and rural. In addition, the energy consumption of the city is also facing a huge challenge,from now on, the city should be stick to energy saving policy as an index of low carbon economy, and take the principle of resources saving, therefore,to pursuit for the pattern that takes innovation as the main driving force of low carbon economy,in order to go on the path of sustainable development.The urbanization is a historical process, along with the different stages of social development, the characteristic and form of urbanization takes change accordingly. China’s urbanization is totally different from that of developed countries several decades ago,which consists of big amount in the change of rural population to non-agriculturalization population,the uncertainess that economic globalization has brought,the system transition to promote urbanization process; the long-term effect to the urbanization that resource exhaustion, worsening ecological environment, global climate change has brought about. The government has pointed out in the"the12th five years’plan" that "to actively promoting the urbanization, to optimize the urbanization form, to strengthen the urbanization management, and continually improve the quality and level of the urbanization". It requires our cities should walk on a Chinese characteristics path and take the princliple of sustainable development, in order to promote the quality of urbanization to enhance China’s overall development.The paper firstly give definitions to the "balanced population urbanization" from the theory of population equilibrium, and talks about inners and ideas about the population balanced urbanization,which includes the balance of the city itself, the balance between the cities and the balance between cities and economic society, resources, and the environment.Secondly,it analysis the dynamic system of balanced population urbanization, and tried to establish the evaluation index. Information, industrialization, the integration of urban and rural areas have become the main power to promote balanced population of urbanization.And according to the theoretical analysis, it builds up a series of indexes relevant with population equilibrium of urbanization, and establish quantity models.Thirdly, it analysis the imbalance problems in the process of China’s population equilibrium in urbanization,which Includes the population quantity, quality, structure especially the effect that aging has brought about.The pressure in the transfer of rural surplus labor force.The restrict between resources, environment and urbanization development.The the obstacles that poors in urban brouht to the urban development.The improper orientation in cities’ function that brought impact on the city development.The analysisi of China’s urban scale and the industrial structure, etc.Finally, it puts forward the choice and policy in the way of the urbanization of population equilibrium. It breakthrough the administrative limits, in order to achieve more city linkages, to balance urban structures, to develop the urban and rural areas as a whole,to realize the equal access to basic public service, and to do a balanced development of the city.