| Urbanization is the process of transformation of human’s production, living and resident modes caused by changes of social productivity. It is also a process of natural history of centralization, intensification and achieving high efficiency for nonagricultural industry and population and a process of transformation of traditional rural society to modern urban society. In the process, on one hand, more and more people and industries gather in cities to expand cities’scales and quantities, so that urban civilization is improved day by day; on the other hand, urban development continuously affects and drives the rural development, so that urban civilization is gradually spread. Therefore, theoretically, improvement of urbanization level of a country or a region means more and more people move to cities from rural areas. With the same agricultural output and reduction of rural labors, farmers’income will be increased and urban-rural income difference will be reduced. However, from practical situations of urbanization in China, we can know that although urbanization was rapidly developed in the past over30years after reforming and opening up and urbanization level was improved to49.68%in2010from17.92%in1978, value of urban-rural income difference was increased to3.23in2010from2.56in1978. Widening of the gap between urban and rural areas will inevitably deepen the conflict between two areas, severely restricting the sustainable development of economy and society of China. Under the background, a substantial strategy of balancing urban and rural areas in the development of economy and society was proposed for the first time in the16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), considering the state situation and economic and social development goals of new era. Thereafter, the strategy was emphasized and improved for many times in several plenary sessions of the C.P.C. and in the country’s "12th five-year" plan. In order to implement the strategy, the central government approved Chengdu and Chongqing to be the first group of pilot cities to carry out comprehensive reform to develop urban and rural areas coordinatively in June2007, starting a new exploration of balancing urban-rural development on the national level. In May2009, when approving the Overall Plan of Comprehensive Reform to Develop Urban and Rural Areas Coordinatively that will be comprehensively followed during implementing the "12th Five-Year" Plan, the State Council made emphasis to accelerate establishing system and mechanism for balancing urban-rural development and to make a breakthrough as soon as possible in urban-rural planning, industrial layout, construction of infrastructures and integration of public service, promoting balanced configuration of public resources and free flow of production factors in urban and rural areas, so as to stimulate balanced development of economy and society in two areas. How to realize new-type urbanization under the background of implementation of comprehensive planning of urban and rural areas is a new topic proposed in this age.The topic of the paper is determined under the background of acceleration of urbanization process, expansion of urban-rural difference, formal implementation of strategy for balancing urban-rural development and to-be-improved urbanization quality in China after reforming and opening up. Taking regional economics, spatial economics, urban economics, institutional economics, development economics, etc. as the theoretical basis, the development path of new-type urbanization under the background of implementation of comprehensive planning of urban and rural areas as the research perspective and Chengdu, one of cities to carry out comprehensive reform to develop urban and rural areas coordinatively, as practical research objective, the concepts, theories and practices of urbanization, comprehensive planning of urban-rural development and new-type urbanization are explained by employing many research methods, such as statistic analysis and quantitative analysis. The modes and mechanisms of new-type urbanization and their differences from traditional urbanization are analyzed, in addition to basic development paths, features in different stages, main contents, preliminary results and some experiences and lessons obtained from urbanization practice of Chengdu. Meanwhile, it also ponders over new-type urbanization development of Chengdu under such background and discusses existing main problems and practical difference, and puts forward corresponding basic ideas and strategies. The paper is written according to the sequence from theoretical research to empirical analysis, including three parts:The first part tells theoretical principles, divided into the following four chapters:The first chapter is introduction. This chapter introduces background of research topic selection, research ideas, structural arrangement, research scope, research approach, main innovations and insufficiencies, forming a basic knowledge about the research.The second chapter is about literature review and basic theory. The chapter reviews and comments on results of theoretical researches on urbanization and comprehensive planning of urban-rural development of domestic and foreign scholars, and briefly explains connotation of urbanization and related concepts, concept of comprehensive planning of urban-rural development and basic theory of new-type urbanization development. Based on them, a frame for theoretical analysis of new-type urbanization is established.The third chapter is about research on mode and mechanism of new-type urbanization development under the background of implementation of comprehensive planning of urban and rural areas. Based on explanation of urbanization mechanism and theory and comparison of mechanism&mode between traditional mode and new mode, the idea of creating a new mechanism of new-type urbanization integrating governments and markets is put forward.The fourth chapter is about experiences and lessons obtained from path selection of urbanization and treatment of urban-rural relationship at abroad. The chapter mainly chooses six typical countries for model research:Britain, the first country to finish urbanization and urban modernization; USA, the most developed country around the world at present; Japan and Korea, countries bordering China and similar in features of population and culture; India and Brazil, countries in the same stage of development and owning similar urbanization features with China. After multi-angle and multi-aspect explanation and objective comparison of different urbanization paths of these countries, the paper is to find out their common features and different patterns and to get experiences and insights for urbanization development of China.The second part tells empirical study, divided into the following three chapters: The fifth chapter is about introspection of traditional Chinese urbanization model and proposal of a topic on new pattern of urbanization practice. China’s urbanization progress&evolution of relationship between urban and rural area, as well as features&problems of traditional Chinese urbanization model, are systematically explained by vertical and horizontal analysis. Meanwhile, in the introspection of traditional Chinese urbanization development model, it proposes that the development direction for China’s urbanization model and the proper treatment of urban-rural relationship are views of logical starting point for selection of new-type urbanization. This chapter is mainly for seeking empirical data to support proposal of assumption of new-type urbanization topic.The sixth chapter is about historical development and review of urbanization in Chengdu since the founding of PR China. This chapter is the process analysis and status evaluation of Chengdu’s urbanization. The purpose is to understand and master experience and lessons of Chengdu combining with urbanization at home and abroad more clearly, to positively explore new development mechanism and finally to find out the state and development process of a typical urbanization path. This chapter mainly includes five aspects of development and evolution of urban system and its space layout; function division of urban principal part; population urbanization; industries during the urbanization progress; and policies during the urbanization progress.The seventh chapter is about Chengdu’s new-type urbanization model under the background of developing urban and rural area coordinately:on the basis of condition analysis, there are mainly from five aspects to discuss generation background, basic tracks, staged characteristics, main contents, preliminary effects, experience and enlightenment, etc. of new urbanization development model which is explored and formed during the process of overall implementation of strategy of developing urban and rural area coordinately and continuous enhancement of urbanization level and quality in Chengdu since the new century:first is generation background of urbanization model of developing urban and rural area coordinately in Chengdu; second is basic path and staged characteristics of Chengdu’s new-type urbanization development; third is main contents for Chengdu’s new-type urbanization model exploration; fourth is effect evaluation of Chengdu’s new-type urbanization development; fifth is experience and enlightenment of Chengdu’s new-type urbanization development.The third part tells policy study in only one chapter.The eighth chapter is about thoughts on promoting Chengdu’s new-type urbanization development. On the basis of above empirical analysis, this chapter discusses main issues and reality gap existing in Chengdu’s new-type urbanization development. Thus, it also gives out basic ideas and their countermeasures on problem solving and gap eliminating, which will be taken as a conclusion of this paper.This paper strives to show definite innovativeness on the following aspects. On the aspect of study, the paper carries out analysis to new-type urbanization problems under the background of developing urban and rural areas coordinately mainly from the aspects of new-type urbanization mechanism, which realizes the innovation of study angle. On the aspect of theoretical study, this paper, on the basis of combing relevant theories of urbanization and coordination of urban and rural area and clearing forms and essences of new-type urbanization model, attempts to construct theoretical analysis framework of new-type urbanization. On empirical study, this paper takes Chengdu, the pilot city to carry out comprehensive reform to develop urban and rural area coordinately, as the subject of empirical study. It applies general conclusions of urbanization and coordination of urban and rural area to empirical analysis of promoting new-type urbanization path during the progress of Chengdu’s coordination of urban and rural area. Thus, it analyzes promotion of coordinative development of urban and rural area in Chengdu City in detail and explores generation background, basic path, staged characteristics, main contents, preliminary effect, experience&enlightenment, gap of problems, etc. It strives to propose some actual and feasible thoughts for Chengdu, even China, to complete mechanism for developing urban and rural area coordinately and fasten the progress of new-type urbanization in the future by study of typical area.Due to the relative width of scope for issues of developing urban and rural area coordinately and urbanization, length of the paper and level of the author attained, this paper only takes Chengdu, the pilot city to carry out comprehensive reform to develop urban and rural area coordinately, as a key case. It will analyze new-type urbanization issues under the background of developing urban and rural area coordinately, but with few conditions in other regions. Therefore, comparison analysis for Chengdu is still weaker, which will cause incomplete and inaccurate master of issues on developing urban and rural area coordinately and urbanization. Secondly, in the empirical analysis of the paper, a lot of empirical data and quantity indexes are applied. However, measurement and analysis tools used are not advanced and abundant enough, which may affect analysis accuracy to some degree. Moreover, practices of urban and rural coordination and urbanization are all in rapid development and variation. Though this paper strives to combine closely the theories with practices, with the limitation of energy and conditions, insufficiency of relevant materials and not-in-time understanding of development trends, some presentations of concepts are not systematical enough, discussions on some problems are not detailed enough, selection of some materials are not accurate enough and applications of data are not proper enough. All these above can only be remained to be made up by taking other opportunities in the future. |
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