| The realization of agricultural modernization is the development goal of thecountries of the world, China is no exception. In the eighteenth Party Congress, itproposed to adhere to the industrialization with Chinese characteristics,informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and to promote the "fourmodernizations" synchronous development. To realize the agricultural modernization,China should change the small-scale peasant mode of production and the form ofmanagement organization of agricultural production. And then it will improve the thelevel of agricultural production and operation organizations and take on the road tothe agricultural enterprization development.Based on the current situation of production and development of agriculture inChina, with the reform of agricultural marketization propulsion, there are frequentfluctuations in the prices of agricultural products, leading to a dilemma―"consumershard to buy " and "farmers hard to sell". The dilemma in essence reflects theimbalance between supply and demand issues in the agricultural product market underthe condition of market economy, namely it’s difficult to connect the thousands ofhouseholds with the market effectively. In the conditions of the household contractresponsibility system, the nature of small-scale agricultural production results in thehigh cost in the market transaction to farmers decentralized management. It leads to avery low agricultural income and the lack of competitiveness of agricultural products,fundamentally damaging to the economic interests of farmers. Obviously, the form ofagricultural decentralized operation and the low level of organization cause ouragriculture into the dilemma.Therefore, to promote the agricultural production and the development of ourcountry, we should change the management form of agriculture of small-scale,decentralized and improve the level of agricultural production organization. We can’ttake the old path of the planned economic system, such as farmers’ mutual aid group,cooperative and people’s commune. To be market-oriented, we should build thelarge-scale and specialized economic organization to improve the level of theagricultural organization.And then it’ll promote the agricultural enterprization.Through the reform of the agricultural enterprization, it’ll change the small-scale peasant mode of production and establish the agricultural production and managementmain subject with modern enterprise organizational characteristics, thereby reducingthe transaction cost, to achieve market-oriented and modernized agriculture. Thereform of agricultural production and operation organizations is a process ofinstitutional change. Therefore, the development of the agricultural enterprizationneeds to meet the two aspects of institutional demand and supply requirements, andconsider the system of "cost-benefit”.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first part sorts out the relevant theories and literatures. The paper firstlyreviewed the relevant theories and literatures. It involves the theories: one is theclassical theories of the agricultural modernization, including Schultz about thetransformation of traditional agriculture theory, John Mel’s agricultural developmenttheory and agricultural development induced technological change theory; The otherone is the review the theories of organizational change, in particular to the transactioncost theory, uncertainty theory, theory of institutional change. The final part reviewsthe literatures of the agricultural enterprization.The second part focuses on the problems of the agricultural family managementand the plight. The paper proposes that due to historical and natural factors, pathdependence and lagging institutional innovation, China’s agricultural familymanagement has some defects, such as small-scale, extensive, and hard to introductcapital and technology. Thus our country highlights the contradiction between thedispersed "small farmers" and the concentrated "big market", and goes into thepredicament of "consumers hard to buy" and "farmers hard to sell”.The third part reveals that the low level of the agricultural production andmanagement organization is the cause of our predicament. The core problem of theagriculture is the peasants’ interests.However, the decentralized form of the griculturalproduction and management can not meet the economic interests of the peasants,manifested in the low farmers’ income and the less-competitive price of agriculturalproducts. Because of the low level of the agricultural organization, the scatteredfarmers are in a weak position in transactions of the market, and face high transactioncost.The four part points out that the realistic choice of our country is to improve thelevel of the agricultural organization and to develop the the agricultural enterprization. Our country can’t take the old path of the planned economy system, such as farmers’mutual aid group, cooperative and people’s commune. To be market-oriented, weshould build the large-scale and specialized economic organization to improve thelevel of the agricultural organization.And then it’ll promote the agriculturalenterprization. Through the reform of the agricultural enterprization, it’ll change thesmall-scale peasant mode of production and establish the agricultural production andmanagement main subject with modern enterprise organizational characteristics,thereby reducing the transaction cost, to achieve market-oriented and modernizedagriculture. The reform of agricultural production and operation organizations is aprocess of institutional change. Therefore, the development of the agriculturalenterprization needs to meet the two aspects of institutional demand and supplyrequirements, and consider the system of "cost-benefit”.The fifth part focuses an empirical study of the agricultural enterprization. Thepaper studies the most representative ways of the agricultural enterprization in theUnited States and Japan such as the developed countries, and has some lessons. Then,the paper focuses on the advanced areas of the agricultural enterprization in ourcountry. Take the city of Yiwu in Zhejiang province and the city of Yulin in Guangxiprovince for example. The paper analyzes these experiences of the agriculturalenterprization in order to prove the feasibility of the agricultural enterprization inChina and try to conclude the experience which can be extended to the whole country.The sixth part discusses the present situation of the agricultural enterprization inour country. This part mainly finds that the development degree of the agricultural islow, and the unbalanced regional development. And then it analyses the reasons whichrestrict the development of the agricultural enterprization. The land circulationmechanism is not smooth, the capital is shortage and drains, the agriculturetechnology innovation is difficult, entrepreneurs and systems can be scarce.The seventh part porposes policy analysis and suggestions to promote thedevelopment of the agricultural enterprization in China. There are the followingaspects:(1) to actively promote the reform of land transfer system;(2) to strengthenthe construction of the innovation system of the agricultural technology;(3) to furtherstrengthen the rural financial supply;(4) to improve the market circulation of theagricultural products;(5) to construct the training mechanism of the farmerentrepreneurs;(6) to improve the benefit coupling mechanism of the peasants and the agricluctral management sujects.Based on previous results, the paper tries to have the following breakthrough inthe research of the agricultural enterprization:(1) Using the theory of the transaction cost to analyze the problem of theagricultural production and interests of farmers. According to the related to theimbalance of the agricultural product market―"consumers hard to buy"and" farmershard to sell ". The paper fouses on the high transaction costs of the scattered farmers,and reveals the problem that rhe small-scale production is difficult to adapt to thesocial needs of the market. Thus the paper puts forward the proposition of the changethe non-organizational agricultural operation and the development of the agriculturalenterprization.(2) Using the theory of the organizational change to analyze the agriculturalenterprization. The paper proposes that the agricultural development has been the lackof organization. The only change is the form of organization. With the developmentand deepening of economy reform, the household contract responsibility system hasshown many defects, which does not comply with requirements of the economicdevelopment. The most prominent problem is the independent and decentralizedfarmers difficult to adapt to the social needs of the market, resulting in the imbalancebetween supply and demand of agricultural products market. Therefore, we shouldchange the low efficiency of the small-scale peasant mode of production andnon-organized agricultural form, and promote the development of the agriculturalenterprization.In the process of writing the paper, I felt inadequate in many respects. Because ofthe limit of the time and conditions, I didn’t do the field survey of the agriculturalenterprization. The facts and datas mainly come from the secondary datas. In the useof the theory of the organizational change, the paper focuses on qualitative analysis,and the quantitative analysis is not enough. Moreover, the paper doses just a roughstudy of the agricultural enterprization. It needs further in-depth studies on thespecific design of the system and the path of realization of the institutional change ofthe agricultural enterprization. |
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