Study On Fiscal And Taxation Policies For Energy Saving Of Urban Transport In China

Driven by the rapid economic and social development, China’s transportation industry has made rapid development achievements.2009, the passenger turnover of China’s transportation industry reached2.4834trillion passenger-km. Cargo turnover has risen above the United States, up to8.261trillion ton-km, ranking first in the world. According to the development stage of economic and the development status of transportation, it is expected that China’s transportation industry will continue to maintain sustained and rapid growth rate in the next20years.The rapid development of transportation industry also brings a lot of the cost of the energy consumption and environmental pollution to China. From1980to2008nearly three decades, China’s transportation sector energy consumption increased by6.9times, from29.02million tons of standard coal in1980to229.17million tons of standard coal in2008. Along with the full support development policies for the five modes of transportation, especially in the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the energy demand of the transport sector has been an unprecedented rapid growth. And China’s transportation sector’s total energy consumption in the past eight years exceeded the sum of the first20years of reform and opening up. As an important basic unit of the national transport network system, the urban transportation is also showing a trend of rapid development under the situation of the development of the National Transport in recent years. Especially by the promoting of rapid socio-economic development and greatly enhancement of people’s living standards, the car quickly entered ordinary households in a few years. Thereby the motorized urban trips have improved continuously, but at the same time, a variety of serious consequences, such as urban transportation problems and air pollution, environmental damage follow.At present, China is in a phase of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. The consumption is gradually upgrading in this process which the most typical feature is a sharp rise in the national vehicle population. So this is actually in the stage which the transport needs rapid growth resulted in transportation energy consumption rapidly rising. Realizing the established economic, social long-term development goals, and future transportation development plan, the current trend of substantial growth in the nation’s transportation energy consumption is an inevitable and difficult to reverse. Thus, the pace and the trend of development will pose serious challenges to the entire country’s energy supply and environmental protection.In the context, this paper introduces a comprehensive overview of the status of China’s energy, history and current state of transport development. It presents an in-depth analysis of the mechanism of fiscal policy, energy conservation and taxation policy system, as well as international comparison to traffic energy saving technical standards and policy system. Finally, in the field of urban transport effective energy-saving for the future, this paper gives feasible and guidance policy recommendations for the reference to the decision-makers. The specific research methods in this paper is as follows:Find and summary the relevant data on the basis of various Statistical Yearbook.Interview with the staff of the Ministry of Communications.Collate and analyze the country, Beijing and Wuhan respectively, nearly a decade of economic development, total energy consumption, transportation infrastructure, transportation energy consumption, and energy related fiscal spending, tax revenue data. According to the informative data material, make full use of statistical methods and tools. Select the relevant statistical analysis method to make concrete and empirical analysis of the two cities of Beijing, Wuhan.Discuss what kind of effect will the energy saving fiscal policy produce and what problems still exist in different economic conditions, urban characteristics, geographical environment, and resource endowments, further pointed out the direction and the way of the future need to make policy adjustments.Different form simple technology and management approaches to achieving energy-saving research for the field of urban transport energy-saving, we recognize that this is one complex systems engineering problems on the future of the country’s economic development strategy, energy security.Government’s future transport development policy.Urban pattern and layout of the transport infrastructure planning and design.Transport energy-saving technology development.Urban transportation operation and management level. This article chooses the national fiscal policy as the starting point, in depth analysis of the fuel tax, public transport fare subsidies, the financial energy saving application of the special funds, and the government of new energy vehicle tax incentives and so on different fiscal policy on urban transport energy-saving and the real effects of policies to study the energy-saving of urban transport systems. Based on this idea, the whole paper is divided into nine chapters as follows.Introduction.This section introduces the research background and significance of the topic.Summarizes detailed research background at home and abroad.Gives basic research ideas and research methods of this paper.Points out this paper’s innovation and inadequacies. On the basis of reading a large number of Chinese and English literature at home and abroad, in separate chapters, and detailed classification and summarized of domestic and international literature of the research field in order to lay a solid foundation of literature for the analysis.In accordance with the logical sequence of traffic, transportation and energy, transportation energy-saving and taxation policy, this section analyzed the theoretical basis specific and in-depth.Introduction and overview is based on the systematic analysis of years of relevant research literature in the field of foreign transportation energy conservation policy environment and literature that are involved in various types of policy instruments. At the same time, this section gives the most basic and most typical analytical model of foreign literature as the basis of the theoretical analysis model of transportation energy policy.Start from the status quo of China’s urban transportation development, this section ultimately summarizes the problems and challenges faced by China in terms of transportation energy-saving by the empirical research of economic development level, the financial situation and taxation policies of the energy-saving and transportation energy consumption level data.This section analyzes the current policy of the Chinese urban transport energy and divides the entire policy system into four parts in accordance with the implementation of the different objects, followed by vehicles, roads, fuel and other transportation energy-saving policies.This section describes the empirical study of economic development, the state of the environment and transport development of Beijing, Wuhan. In the view of a large number of foreign literature on the field of transportation energy conservation, this section classifies and outlines some typical country fiscal policy which can be specifically summarized into seven aspects as vehicle taxes, new car incentive plan, road pricing, parking charges, fuel taxes and specialized fleet incentives. At the end of this section, we sum up the experience and enlightenment to our country.On the basis of analysis of previous Chapter8, this section gives the appropriate fiscal policy recommendations for the problems of China’s urban transportation energy-saving.Based upon the systematical analysis, the conclusion of this paper is that China’s urban transport will face more severe test in the growing trend of urbanization in the future. According to the many years experiences of developed countries in transportation development, fiscal policy is one of the very effective way of transportation energy-saving, and in the case of the growing problem of urban transportation, do something may bear a smaller cost than sit still in the future.