Study On Land Resource And Development Of Livestock In Northeast Of China

The Northeast region has advantaged grassland and corn stalks resources, Therefore, thispaper aims to make good use of forage resources and corn stalks in the Northeast with thecombination of legumes to develop “Grass-Straw Livestock husbandry”, promoting thedevelopment of livestock husbandry in the Northeast, revitalizing the rural economy of theNortheast and meanwhile, reducing the pressure on grass to achieve of ecological protection.Based on the accurate characterization of land resources in the Northeast, this paperfocuses on utilization of physiognomy-decided land resources, Northeast vegetation,vegetation-decided forage resources, Songnen grassland salinization as well as thedevelopment of livestock husbandry in the Northeast.1、Northeast physiognomy pattern and land-use.The data of this part came form remote sensing image in the Northeast China LandsatTM7, SRTM elevation, and1:500000geological map of Horqin and Northeast soil map etc.We quantitatively study the information of Northeast basic physiognomy types and land-usetypes by GIS-hydrological analysis, spatial analysis and remote sensing image supervisedclassification. The results showed that Daxinganling ridgeline to the east and qilaotuMountain to the north of the northeast area is1.0727million km~2. This area is divided intomountains, hills, plateaus, plains four basic landforms. The proportion of the share,respectively are21.2%,35.6%,16.1%,27.1%. We also pinned down the relationship betweenthe location and boundaries of Songnen Plain, Songliao Plain and Horqin Plains. Land-usetypes are divided into woodland, grassland, arable land, sand, salinized-wasteland, wetlands,water and construction land, accounting for41.1%,14.0%,33.8%,0.9%,1.5%,4.7%,1.4%,and2.8%. This part also discussed on land use correlation with physiognomy issues.2、The Northeast Division and Distribution of Vegetation.Songliao Plain vegetation characteristics, physiognomy differentiation, climate zoningand soil divisions identified by sequencing integrated eco-environment factors re-zoned thevegetation of the Northeast and then discussed the vertical distribution of vegetation inNortheast decided by altitude. The main body of Songliao Plain which is constituted bySongnen Plain and Liaohe Plain is meadow vegetation. Stipa communities which are not continuously distributed sand vegetation located in the higher terrain of2Mesa or sand dunes.Thus, Songliao Plain vegetation division belongs to temperate deciduous broad-leaved forestregion which delimit the eastern boundaries of temperate steppe region as the west side ofDaxing’anling, whereas the southern boundary of boreal coniferous in the North and thenorthern boundary of warm temperate deciduous forest in the South remain unchanged andrespectively, which comply with previous study. The distribution of Northeast vegetation wassignificantly affected by the vertical zonal and takes on ring distribution.3、The salinization process studies of Leymus chinensis grassland in Songnen PlainField survey and locating could finely study the salinization process of Leymus chinensisgrassland, defining a number of vague concepts, and demonstrating the bare soil disturbancehypothesis. Below the non-interferefering soil surface (0-20cm) of Songnen Plain Leymuschinensis grassland, the soil layer (40-50cm) has high levels of salt. This paper defines suchstate of Leymus chinensis grassland as soil-salinized grassland and the process of increasingsalt in soil surface as salinization. Grassland formed after salinization is calledsalinized-grassland or saline plant communities including native of its kind. The leadingreason of the increase of salinity in the soil surface is that original soil surface with lowsalinity has been disturbed to disappearance making the below salt-rich soil directly expose tothe surface which include upper and lower layers mixed into a new surface layer. With thevanish of the soil surface, deep buried salt accumulated in the newly-formed surface layer.This sort of accumulation can also be readily found in other soil layers. Saline plantcommunities were formed in the bare ground of soil surface endured interference which arenot the outcome of gradual salinization succession happened in the salinized-grassland. Thereis no succession sequencing relationship among different saline plant communities.Salinization is the product of first soil degradation and vegetation degradation in the postfollowed by the invasion of halophytes. The follow-up succession of the halophytes can beregarded as primary succession.4、The study of the development always of grazing livestock husbandry from Northeast.GIS analyzed land resources in the Northeast by remote sensing information. Statisticaldata helps study the relevant factors of the development of grazing livestock in Northeast. Themain source of roughage and rearing methods summed up the production patterns of grazinglivestock. Vegetation types and proportions of grassland, farmland, and woodland zoned the production patterns of grazing livestock. Grassland resources in Northeast are pinched and thegrazing livestock’s developing-capacity of the region is already saturated. The potential ofgrazing livestock husbandry lies in the forest and agriculture areas and that of grasslandlivestock husbandry area are developing high-yielding forage as well as rearing efficiency.The potential of straw livestock husbandry areas, grass-straw livestock husbandry areas,woodlands-straw livestock husbandry areas are making full use of roughage and developingquantitative livestock husbandry which acts on the basis of improving birth rate, growth rate,slaughter rate and the rate of production of meat.To sum up the above argument, this study made clear the northeast morphological pattern,the northeast vegetation distribution, songnen plain grass salinization process, thedevelopment always of grazing livestock husbandry from Northeast, which provide somereference for the rational utilization of land resources of the northeast, and protection theecological environment and the development of animal husbandry.