Study On Management Mode Of Chinese Nature Reserve And Community

Establishment of nature reserve is one of the most important and efficient method toprotect natural resources, ecological environment, biodiversity and rare or endangered speciesas well as maintain natural ecological balance. To protect the common natural resources innature reserve, many theoretical thinking and policy program were put forward, for example,privatization which make market play important role or nationalization which governmentalmanagement play important role. However, market and government have their shortage inaction range thus they can not solve all problems in natural resources allocation. The role ofcommunity in natural resources allocation should not be ignored.Most nature reserves in China locate in the most economic backwardness in the midwestand remote mountainous area where the local people live sporadically and the local economyand culture lack behind developed area, the traditional production and life modes of localcommunity depend much on natural resources. Because the establishment of nature reserves,it is limited for local people to manage and use natural resources,which make local residentslost the utilization rights，thus local residents have to use these resources for their everydaylife in spite of the law and regulation, which actually damage the resources of nature reserves.On the other hand, wild animals often damage crops and local residents, which damage theright of the local residents without compensation. In fact, community extensively sacrificetheir own interests to assume the responsibility of protection, however the externality do notget corresponding compensation. Moreover, because lack of alternative development way，thechance of community development is reduced, which restricted the economic development.Further, because of the geographical position and population quality limitation, the poverty ofthe community has shown long-term and continuous characteristics. So strong economicdevelopment needs of community become the biggest challenge for.nature reserve.Establishment of nature reserves is from top on bottom, which it is emphasized onnational administration and protection and this mode play an important role in nature reserveprotection. However, such management is singleness and often ignore the interests of thecommunity. Community-comanagement supplement above management mode, whichpromote the biodiversity protection and economic development of local community. However,the community comanagement is still a kind of national centralization management which cannot efficiently solve the conflicts between nature reserve and local community. Accordinglynew management mode is urgently needed. In this work, combined the theory of managementand economy after defining the basic concepts and extents, the relationship between nature reserve and community was clarified, the damage problems and its reasons were analyzed, theevolution of management mode was investigated and the different modes were compared witheach other. Based on the above analysis and the abroad management experience, integrationmanagement system was put forward in which government play leading role, communitycomanagement and industry promotion were key points. The evaluation indexes and methodswere primarily established, thereafter supporting measures were discussed.This main research contents and the frame of the thesis are as follows:Chapter1Introduction. The research background, purpose and meaning were introduced,the domestic and abroad nature reserve management were reviewed and then the researchthinking and methods were introduced as well as the possible creative points of the thesis.Chapter2Theoretical basis. Based on definition of basic concepts and extents of theresearch, the theoretical achievements in the field related to economy, management andsociology were reviewed, for example, sustainable development theory, externality theory,natural resources management theory and comanagement theory.. Also the directive functionof above theories were discussed.Chapter3Status and development of Chinese nature reserves. The historicaldevelopment of nature reserves were summarized，in which four historical period weredivided. The management status and law system were summariezed.Chapter4Outline of the nature reserve and community. The status of the community wasdescribed according to the location of the nature reserves. The limitations and effects ofnature reserve on community was clarified. It is objectively analyzed that establishment ofnature reserve damage the political, economic and social rights of local residents. Then thedamage reasons were discussed which was a basis for reducing damage and guaranteeinginterest.Chapter5Evolution and comparison of the nature reserve management. The currentmanagement mode were reviewed and it is summarized that the historical management modepath was close management, participation management and community comanagement inorder. The theoretical source and actual development of above different management modewere summarized and compared. Three typical cases were selected to introduce thecommunity comanagement as well as the pros and cons were analyzed, which was aim todesign new mode to collect the advantage points and solve the underlying problems.Chapter6Foreign nature reserve management mode and enlightment. The nature reservemanagement in USA, Canada and Japan were investigated, in which it can be concluded thatthorough law system, reasonable management mechanism and good management rulesthough they have different management system and management pattern. Their experience aregood referece for our nature reserve management.Chapter7Establishment of integral management mode for nature reserve and community.Based on property and stakeholder theory, the connotation of nature reserve-communityintegral management mode was proposed to solve the current management disadvantages.From the beginning of the establishment of management objective system, the integral management mode was established in which government play leading role, the communityco-manage and industries promote the local community economy. It is emphasized that theleading role of government should be played significantly, community co-management isoptimal selection for development of community economy and mobilizing local residentsenthusiasm on protection of nature reserve, industry development can promote local economy.Finally the evaluation indexes and evaluation model were explored.Chapter8Guarantee measures for integral management of nature reserve and community.It is emphasized that legislation is essential to adjust the relationship between nature reserveand community, establishment and supplement of ecological compensation mechanism isinevitable requirement of nature reserve development. Based on reconstruction ofclassification system, the space basis can be provided for ecological protection and resourceutilization. The adjust function of social mechanism can promote the conscientious formationof ecological protection action and protection rules.