Study On Behavior And Optimization Of Evacuee Under Building Fire

Nowadays, fire has become one of the most destructive, the highest frequency and the most influential disasters. Mastering fire occurrence regularity and personnel psychological characteristics in fire accident, and analyzing personnel evacuation behavior characteristic data, law and phenomena can provide building fire protection performance-based design with scientific basis, optimize emergency evacuation plan, perfect emergency plan and emergency laws and regulations policy, improve the efficiency of field personnel evacuation and ensure people’s safety in building. Consequently, occupant safety egress is increasingly drawing the attention of academic circles. This paper conducts systematic study from six different aspects, which respectively are exploration of fire accident development trend at home and abroad, review of personnel evacuation’s influencing factors, questionnaire survey of behavior and psychology of evacuation, building stairs and straight channel experiment and the evacuation plan design.We investigated characteristics and trend of fire accident during the past33years’reform and open period in this paper. Moreover, we qualitatively analyzed all the indexes respecting loss of fire from1978to2010by System Clustering Method and Components Analysis. The results showed that fire accidents were bound up with economic growth and policy in safety. The stages of development in fires went through three phases during the reform and open period. At present, fire situation is staying at the relatively stationary phase in China. Through the analysis of fire accident in the United States and western countries, we conclude that the loss of fire accident in totality is decreasing and come to stable state. The large number of investment in fire protection engineering cost is the important guarantee to control fire accident overseas.The domestic and international architectural fire evacuation behavior and psychological research results were synthetically analyzed and the five aspects influencing factors which are individual traits, crowd behavior, fire environment, architectural design, and emergency management were clarified. At the same time, in order to study individuals’ behavior and psychological characteristic under fire emergency evacuation, we conduct site surveys in terms of environmental factors with182employees who work in the production management enterprises, management factors, and human factors. Four representative factors were got by system clustering method. Then, according to Crosstabs of influencing factors which were built on the basis of Chi-square test, behavior and psychological characteristic of pedestrian were analyzed by different enterprises, sex, age, and education background. The survey result turned out to be that escape desire was connected to individual educational background, that is to say, high-degree individuals show much stronger escape desire. Periodic emergency drilling and daily safety learning contributed to safety evacuation. The differences in group assistance, escape desire and controlling fire accident are obvious among female and male.Bent-over walking behavior of occupants in corridor is studied experimentally in this paper.6runs of experiments, with up to45students participated in, were conducted with different initial densities. Fundamental diagram of bent-over walking pedestrian flow at low density was obtained by manually analyzing video recording. We compared our results with pedestrian flow and crawler flow of others and drawn a conclusion that both walking and bent-walking are faster than crawling. Especially for free velocity, it is1.4m/s to1.7m/s for bent-over walking and walking respectively, while about0.73m/s for crawling. When the density is smaller than0.51/m2, the velocity for these three types of movement behavior agrees well. While after0.51/m2, there appear clear differences. The frequency distribution of velocity was also investigated for bent-over walking flow. The mean value of speed is about1.02±0.16m/s and1.09±0.2m/s for female and male students in these experiments respectively. At low velocity region, female students account for a larger proportion, whereas the frequency of male students is larger at high velocity regions.In order to study personnel ability to escape during the staircase evacuation in case of emergency, relying on corporate emergency evacuation drill of enterprises, rough sets and gray target clustering theory were used to build the model. Meanwhile from the relationship analysis between personnel age, gender, height, weight, etc.8factors and personnel’s ability to escape, the main factors, secondary factors and unrelated factors were got, and according to reduction properties, the law of personnel escape during staircase evacuation was analyzed. The analysis shows that:personnel escape ability, age, weight and BMI are the most important factors; heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures are secondary influence factors; gender and height are irrelevant factor.By using Warshall-Floyd algorithm in graph theory and queue theory, we analyze staff’s each phase of evacuation movement in building. Three kinds of evacuation exit graph theory scheme were designed according to evacuation safety criterion. Through the calculated examples, using Warshall-Floyd algorithm can shorten evacuation movement time in route selection. Utilizing graph theory and queue theory principle can correspondingly optimize and simplify the personnel escape safety*criterion.