A Research Of The Popularization Of Marxist Philosophy During The Seventeen Years After The Foundation Of New China

In the Chinese context, the popularization of Marxist philosophy is by no means a fictional illusion, but has existed for nearly a hundred years and continues to advance the historical process. Since the late19th and early20th century when the earliest Marxist philosophy was introduced into China, people began to try to implement "philosophy to the public", and in the promotion of the Communist Party of China, such exploration and practice never once stopped. In the course of Marxist philosophy’s popularization history, there have been several historic breakthroughs, among which the seventeen years after the founding of PRC is undoubtedly the most representative. The Communist Party of China, as a ruling party, for the first time in history carried out a nationwide massive movement of the popularization of Marxist philosophy and created a Chinese-characterized road in historical context which is a successful example in Marxist philosophy popularization history. On the premise of scientific interpretation of Marxist philosophy popularization proposition, in accordance with the principle of combining history and logic, the thesis conducts a more comprehensive and systematic investigation on the historical background, the evolution of history, the texts, the methods, the subjects of the Marxist philosophy popularization movement in the seventeen years, thus to break through the current academic research status of mere brief introduction of that period。 By giving a comprehensive review and fair assessment, the thesis tries to summarize the experiences and find inspiration, thus to provide a useful historical reference for the contemporary China to promote Marxist Philosophy popularization. First, the scientific definition and accurate grasp of Marxist philosophy popularization is the basic theoretical premise for systematic study of Marxist Philosophy popularization in the seventeen years after the founding of New China. The concept "Marxist Philosophy popularization" has developed through four stages:initially formed during the period from "May Fourth Movement" to the1930s; put forward clearly from the1930s to the founding of New China; constantly deepened before the reform and opening up policy was adopted; innovated and further developed after the reform so far. To define Marxist philosophy popularization, it is necessary to link it with Maxist philosophy sinicization and distinguish it from Marxism popularization and Marxist philosophy in a popular style. Marxist philosophy popularization means:the two-way interaction between Marxist Philosophy and the masses, the organic combination of Marxist philosophy theory and the practice of the masses, the extension of the philosophy from the social elite to the masses.Second, Marxist philosophy popularization in the seventeen years after the founding of New China had its historical inevitability:to consolidate the ideological basis of the ruling status of the Communist Party of China; to establish the dominant position of Marxist philosophy in the field of ideology; to explore the theory of socialist revolution and construction; to arm vast number of cadres, intellectuals and the masses with the theory. On the other hand, there were a series of favorable conditions:the Communist Party of China exercising state power provided political guarantee; the increasingly mature Mao Zedong’s philosophy laid the theoretical foundations; central leadership attaching great importance to it provided a strong driving force. What’s more, the Soviet Union influenced a lot on Marxist philosophy popularization. Learning the experience of the Soviet Union became an important motivation, while the interaction with the Soviet Union philosophical circle was an important factor and the reflections on the Soviet model drawbacks was an important driving force.Third, during the seventeen years after the founding of New China, Marxist philosophy popularization can be divided into two phases. The first phase is from1949to1956, the initial phrase with success when Marxist philosophy popularization was advanced relatively smoothly through benign interaction between politics and philosophy. During this time there were three major actions:to conduct vigorous propaganda and organize the cadres and the masses to study Marxist philosophy, to carry out "thought reform" movement aimed at intellectuals, to launch philosophical criticism and discussion activities in a wide range of academic fields aimed at promoting Marxist philosophy. The second phase is from1956to1966, the deepening and tortuous development phase when it was put forward in a complicated political environment where politics and philosophy deviated and success was intertwined with mistakes, experiences and lessons. The more prominent events were:the systematic propaganda of Marxist philosophy among theorists, the rise of philosophical study and activity among workers, peasants and soldiers, the campaign of study and practice of Mao Zedong Thought.Fourth, a large number of Marxist philosophy texts were produced and applied in the seventeen years after the founding of New China. These texts with characteristics of the times and of China conformed to the needs of the people and mainly included three forms of classical texts, explanatory text, introductory text and so on. There are four characteristics in using texts:greater emphasis on the nativization of the texts in China in its introduction; greater emphasis on epochal character than the classical tradition; greater emphasis on the popularity of the texts than the theoretical nature; greater emphasis on the targeted texts than its generality. From the perspective of Marxist philosophy popularization, the thesis briefly analyzes five representative texts, namely Mao’s On Practice and On Contradiction, Li Da’s Comments on<On Practice> and Comments on<On Contradiction> Ai Siqi’s Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism, Feng Qi’s How to Understand the World, Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Study Philosophy and Use Philosophy edited by the People’s Publishing House.Fifth, in the seventeen years after the founding of New China, Marxist philosophy popularization is systematic movement jointly participated by the party leaders, philosophy workers and the masses. Party leaders play a leading role, mainly to launch a nationwide campaign by personally studying philosophy and to apply the theories to leadership and working approaches. Philosophy workers act as a bridge to popularize philosophy theory and criticize non-Marxist philosophy by explaining Marxist philosophy and the philosophy of Mao Zedong. The masses play a fundamental role, mainly through continuous learning Marxist Philosophy to solve practical problems and to constantly introduce new problems and create new experiences.Sixth, in the seventeen years after the founding of New China, Marxist philosophy popularization was advanced through the six paths, namely text transmission, media campaigns, education and guidance, thought reform, institutional arrangements, organizational advance. And five basic methods were used, namely independent learning method, text interpretation method, comparative method, practical application method, typical promotion method.Marxist philosophy popularization in the seventeen years after the founding of New China is a model of Chinese Marxist philosophy popularization. Its historical effects are:successfully established a leading position in the field of ideology in new China; effectively improved the masses’Marxist theory level and practical ability; effectively promoted the development of Marxist philosophy in China; promoted the socialist revolution and construction to a certain extent. Its main lesson is that:the relationship between philosophy and politics had not completely straighten out; the simplistic, vulgar and extreme tendency in Marxist philosophy popularization exposed the problems of pragmatism, dogmatism, empiricism; research on its own inherent laws was not enough and not deep. All in all we get enlightenment:to promote Marxist philosophy popularization, we must grasp the scientific connotation, reinforce the theoretical foundation, build professional team and development mechanism.