Research On The Civilization Theory Of Marx And Engels

Marx and Engels have very profound and rich civilization thought. They thought of civilization is usually in three different narrative forms which hidden in the literature:direct narrative form, semi direct narrative form, indirect narrative form. In view of the particularity of the form, study Marx and Engels’thought of civilization performance for such a process-digging out the direct and emerging civilization thought out, expressing out the indirect and implicit ideological, integration the scattered civilization view, then construction of the system, form the Marx and Engels’entirety of civilization thought..The civilization thought of Marx Engels is "theory of time division"". It should be said, the outstanding cultural achievements of Western Europe are the theoretical origin, inside, Rousseau’s cultural criticism theory, Fu Liye’s cultural criticism theory, Kowalewski’s theory of the civilization origin, Morgan’s theory of the civilization origin is the direct theoretical sources. Marx and Engels thought of civilization with the historical materialism as the theoretical foundation, which abandoned Rousseau, Fu Liye’s civilization thought’s elements of Utopian and deficiency. In the history of human civilization, it is the first theory of civilization that fully established on the historical materialism, the first civilization theory to reveal the law of human civilization development, the first civilization theory to guide the construction of socialist.The formation of Marx and Engels’civilization thought has experienced a long historical process. According to the gradient of theoretical logic, it can be subdivided into three specific stages. From1833to1852--preliminary formation stage; from1853to1880--multidimensional deepening stage; from1881to1895--the whole formation stage.In content, Marx and Engels civilization thought include civilization category system and civilization theory system two parts. Among them, the civilization system of category is the basic unit of civilization theory. In their view, civilization is the sum of the progress, civilized value of human forms in the long-term social practice and its social implementation results. They used the "civilization" category from nine different meaning, clearly put forward the "political civilization","the bourgeois civilization","modern civilization","barbarism of civilization " and other terms.Based on the category, further forming theory. Marx and Engels’thought of civilization include the origin of civilization, civilization development, civilization thought structure thought, civilization form four parts.In the view of Marx and Engels, the origin of civilization is a long historical process, it can be started from the origin of man. Mankind has created various cultural factors gradually in the origin and development process, appeared the origin of civilization elements. Engels according to Morgan’s stages of history, divided the origin of civilization elements into savagery, barbarism and civilization three stages. When the civilization elements accumulated to a certain extent, human plunge from barbarism into the stage of civilization, then the civilization was origin. The origin of civilization is driven by labor, division of labor, communication and other dynamic factors. The origin of civilization that exhibit of a series of characteristics signs in the economic, political, cultural, social and other aspects. Marx and Engels reveal the differences of these markers in the origin between East and West, and eventually established the scientific civilization symbol system which as the core of national appearance, the use of text. In addition, Marx and Engels also forms associated with this "two kinds of production theory", the family system theory, the theory of evolution, clan origin of private ownership theory, the origin of State Theory which to reveal the origin of human civilization provides indispensable theoretical fulcrum.On the issue of civilization development, Marx and Engels formed a general understanding. They thought the development of civilization depends on certain conditions:one is the natural condition, such as natural environment, natural resources; two is the social conditions, including the quantity of population, social production activities, historical accumulation of production experience and technology, social relations, language, social consciousness. The development of civilization is the results of collaborative driving. Generally speaking, it can be divided into primary and secondary two types of dynamic; specifically, it including the practice power, productivity power, the need of power, innovation power, reform power, contradiction power. Historical development of civilization show the specific rules, such as the gradual and orderly rule, conflict and reconcile laws, world tends rule, class antagonism law. In addition, the development of civilization but also show a certain dimension. In the dimension of time, it is always from slave civilization, feudal civilization to civilization of capitalism, then to the communism civilization; in the dimension of space, it is always from the regional civilization to the world civilization; in the value dimension, share, democracy, freedom, harmony as its future development trend.According to the industry and social structure, Marx and Engels launched the indirect deconstruction of civilization. In the industrial structure, it consists of agriculture, industrial, commercial civilization elements; in the social structure, which is composed of material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, ecological civilization and social civilization. Marx and Engels believe, material civilization is the foundation of human civilization system, it dominates the other civilized nature and change. Marx is the first person in the history of human civilization who forward "political civilization", he and Engels introduced the history of the development of political civilization, formed the view of political civilization which as the realize the emancipation of the proletariat, the liberation of mankind as internal spiritual core. They put the philosophy, science, art and other upper elements as the main component of spiritual civilization, and reveal the effect of it on the development of material civilization, put forward the comprehensive development in order to achieve the goal of value orientation of the construction of spiritual civilization. In addition, their theory of spiritual civilization with the nature of return to the people, so, it represents the construction theory of human spiritual civilization on the class of the new given, is also a complete loss. Marx and Engels about the ecological problems, the use of natural productivity, respect and make use of the laws of nature, a correct understanding of the relationship between man and nature and so on, contains a very rich ecological civilization thought. They put the ecological problems in the "world history" framework, and address the ecological contradictions as the relationship between freedom and necessity, proposed the implementation of "solve the contradiction between people and the natural". On the issue of social civilization, they also formed a systematic theory of knowledge. In the social subject civilization, to achieve the comprehensive development of human freedom as the value orientation; in social relations civilization, to achieve a truly harmonious relationship between man and man, man and nature, man and society as the inherent provisions; in social life civilization, to realize everyone sharing happiness happy life as the basic style.Marx and Engels divided a variety of civilization form in accordance with the national, state, regional, industry, time and social formation. Based on this, they reveals the main characteristics and achievement of civilization, regional morphology of nation state; examines the evolution process, social nature and the main content; indirect illustrates the characteristics of the unity of diversity and unity, the unity of inheritance and innovation. To sum up in a word, they formed the relative system civilization formation thought.Marx and Engels’thought of civilization as an organic whole theory, show strong theory value and practice value. On the basis of inspiration, combined with specific problems, it pointed out the constructive path for our civilization construction:from reference introduction to independent innovation--preferably Road, from asynchronous to synchronous reform--inevitable course, from the development, share imbalance to the overall balance--Kang Zhuang’s road, from the government’s push to the social autonomy--the ideal road. It should be said, with the civilization theory of Marx and Engels to gaze at Chinese characteristic socialist civilization construction reality, and gives a specific way, is the end-result of the whole study.