Research On Moral Consensus Of Contemporary Chinese Citizens And The Construction

With the development of human society, traditional society structure which the "homogeneity" and "undifferentiated" has gradually changed,"heterogeneity" and "differentiated" has become the basic characteristics of modern social structure. The moral consistency of traditional society has gradually replaced by pluralistic moral value, social moral unity has facing the unprecedented crisis of legitimacy, moral consensus problems also occurred. It is undoubtedly meaningful of multi-dimensional rationality of moral for release of human nature, personality development and freedom. But multiple rationalities will easily lead to the "atomic" state of human being, which is easy to cause the social conflict. Then the reflection on "Modernity" of a pluralistic society "how should we live together" has become a hot and long concerned issue in academic circles. As to Chinese society, with social diversified transformation, the basic structure of society economy, politics and culture is experiencing significant changes, the diversification of interests and other factors caused by the ethics of "Modernity"-moral value diversification, is indisputable objective reality. How to construct a real harmonious moral consensus to realize harmonious society has become a major theoretical and practical issue of the contemporary Chinese society. This thesis is based on the reality of contemporary Chinese moral pluralism, striving to do the deep research on the moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens and its construction. Research on moral consensus can be expanded from two dimensions:one is how to achieve "moral consensus" dimension. Research of this dimension is mainly based on the social political and public life, moral subject through democratic dialogue, discussion, debate which about specific public issues to reach a sharing agreement; the two is based on China’s national conditions, explore the construction of citizen moral consensus from the national ideology angle, which launches the research from the citizen moral construction dimension. This paper is based on second dimension, firstly because the first dimension based on the subject is belongs to the domain of political philosophy, the theoretical support of which is Rawls’s "overlapping consensus" and Habermas’s "negotiate consensus", this is far away from the basic theory of historical materialism. Second is since the reform and opening up, from "two civilizations" has been put forward, the citizen moral construction level adopted a series of major initiatives "actually formed to maximize moral consensus and efforts for universal ethics spirit ". Therefore, from the citizen moral construction perspective, to explore the citizen moral consensus and its construction is fit for the position of historical materialism theory.In this paper, the moral consensus is essentially a process of dynamic development. In the context of a diverse society,"consensus" as the uniformity of the social common sense, should be reasonable to respect a benchmark of moral value under the premise of understanding, and constructing harmonious society "bottom-line consensus", but not "artificially overstating", otherwise may cause moral consensus utopia. Of course, the socialist moral consensus should have the value guidance, this is an important driving force for moral progress, but also a higher level of "moral consensus" to form the value of guarantee. Specific to the contemporary China, the citizen moral consensus dimension should focus on "bottom-line consensus" level; this is a helpless but seems to be more rational, pragmatic judgment and choice.Around the above basic point of view, this thesis mainly presents the following basic train of thought and logic structure:Firstly, analyze the causes of moral consensus problem of contemporary Chinese citizens. The basic position of this part is based on historical materialism, that is social and economic structure of the social consciousness "decisive", firstly from social productive forces, social and economic structure of the diversification of Chinese social transformation period of moral consensus, of course, only from the perspective of economy is not comprehensive, easy to fall into the mire of mechanical economic determinism. In fact, social politics and culture also have important influence on moral consensus. In addition, morality also has its own development logic. Therefore, in this part, the author from the social economic, political, cultural and other domain to do detailed study of moral consensus of traditional society, the planned economy era is formed, how sustainable, process and modern transformation of moral consensus, why become "problem". Next, the paper start from the general double dimensions and specifically to discuss the moral consensus in the modern society and the contemporary China are necessary, the specific dimensions, the research mainly deals with relations aspect of moral consensus and people-oriented, social identity, market order, cultural soft power.Secondly, investigate the specific dimension of moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens. Moral consensus as the domestic and foreign academic concern about its meaning, there are different views, but most scholars believe that the "Modernity" determines the moral consensus of contemporary society should not be too "ideal", but positioning in the "bottom line" level, this paper also adopts general view of academia, the moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens about the basic moral value consensus, of course, in this basic consensus, also has a core and more prominent consensus, namely citizen level of socialist core values. Out of the consideration of closely logic, in this part, the author also discussed moral consensus whether is. likely to happen or not.Thirdly, the value of citizen moral consensus guidelines. This paper believes, moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizen should have not only the specific dimension, but also the value guidance, otherwise, moral progress will lack of guidance, the superiority of the socialist ideology is difficult to highlight. This paper puts forward clearly, socialist collectivism is the guide value of moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens, and from the collectivism connotation, reflection of the era of the planned economy collectivism "obedience" and "sacred", collectivism in Chinese modern, as well as the citizen moral consensus on the rationality and four aspects be fully demonstrated. The author thinks, advocating socialist collectivism and how to handle the level of modern social moral value and "one" relationship are not contradictory, and the multiple harmony has the extremely important practical significance.Fourthly, the theoretical orientation of the construction of citizen moral consensus. The fundamental guiding adhering to historical materialism and moral dimension is the basic position of this argument, therefore, to fully explore the historical materialism in citizen moral consensus has become center of this part. Two levels of moral consensus on the meaning of the theoretical system of socialism from the classic writers and Chinese characteristics reveals historical materialism for constructing moral consensus will. Specifically, the relevant thought of classical writers mainly manifests for the social practice of the ideological thoughts, interests and ethical concern thought. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics of Deng Xiaoping ethics thought, the thought of "Three Represents" ethical concerns and scientific outlook on development related thought for the building of citizen moral consensus also has a positive value. In addition, the western theory for the building of moral consensus in a certain sense has positive implications, this paper focused on the "community" theory,"negotiate consensus" theory," social representations" theory, and reveals its value in the use of moral consensus.Fifthly, the basic logic of constructing the citizen moral consensus. This part is aimed to provide a solution for the building of contemporary Chinese moral consensus in micro aspect, but also the end-result. This part of the writing is mainly focus on three dimensions of citizens, society and country, the citizen level mainly involves moral consensus education, civic virtue character and morals participation; social level, mainly concerns the justice, rule of law for the special price of the building of moral consensus values; the national level, mainly on national guarantee issues of moral consensus construction from the dimensions of benefit identity, democratic mechanism.On the innovation of this paper, this is mainly reflected in the following aspects:The first part, systematically analyzes the context of contemporary Chinese citizen moral consensus. Although scholars generally attributed the modern social moral consensus to the change of social structure, but all are from the standpoint of moral philosophy research in general sense, also did not have a detailed description of the Chinese social structure and moral consensus problem in theory, the author based on the historical materialism to analysis as detailed as possible; The second part, clearly the specific dimension and value guidance of moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens. Because of national conditions, the people, the world situation, the feelings of morality and the consideration, the author will regard moral consensus of contemporary Chinese citizens as a basic understanding of "the bottom line", and emphasizes the core consensus among them, and will regard collectivism as the value guidance, which have not emerged in the current academic circles. The third part,mainly inspect from the point of social ethics, national ethics dimension of moral consensus construction logic. In the past research of citizen moral construction is mainly from the dimension of education, although there are some studies about social, national guarantee level, but most of them are in general terms, are still not enough, especially lack of examination system, social psychology dimension. In this paper, from the perspective of ethics and social psychology view, to provide a more practical solution to solve the problem of citizen moral consensus.