| The people’s Congress system which constructs the institutionalized channelsbetween the state and the people is China’s fundamental political system. And it is thesystem security and carrier which can make people be in power. However, from thepolitical operational practice of the people’s congress system, there is not the samebetween the legal position and the actual position. The paper will explore the factorswhich causes the disparity between the institutional requirements and the actualprocess of the people’s congress system, which can make us better understand andthink the reform and improvement of the people’s congress system, and promote thedevelopment of socialist democratic politics construction.The research object of the paper is the factors which influences and restricts thefunction of the system of people’s congress. By tracing the generation, pathdependence and changing of the people’s congress system, the paper which uses theanalytical method of historical institutionalism analyzes the reasons which lead to thegap between the provisions and the actual process of the people’s congress system.Adopted research methods means that this paper solves the practical problems of thetheory and scheme from the medium measure. The highly dense of the politicalsystem means political activities as a collective shaped by rules and regulations. Theinteraction between them promotes the formation and changes of the system.Therefore, to make the system as variables and dependent variable, the paper inspectsinteraction between environment, idea, behavior and system, and makes a full rangeof view on the factors leading to the gap between the provisions of the people’scongress system and the actual process.This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introductionpart; it introduces the research issues. Moreover, this chapter which examines theresearch status of the inconsistence between the provisions and the actual process ofthe people’s congress system at home and abroad expounds the research value of thesubject and put forward the possible innovation and deficiency. Finally, this chapterputs forward the research methods and defines related concepts.The second chapter outlines the inconsistency between the provisions and theactual process of the people’s congress system. From a legal perspective, as China’sfundamental political system, the people’s congress system is in the core position in the political life of the country, because it constructs the position and relations of thevarious political subjects which are in the state power organs and running mechanism.However, in actual operation, the position and function of the people’s congressessystem needs to be improved and exerted. From the system group this chapterdiscusses the problem. First of all, it discusses the external system environment of thepeople’s congress system, including the relationship between the Party and thepeople’s congress, people’s congress and “bicameral” and other state organs; secondly,it discusses the system of people’s congresses internal mechanism, including thedeficiencies of the election system, the representative system and the conferencesystem in the system of people’s congress.The third chapter discusses the interaction between the people’s congress systemand behavior in the process of history. The historical institutionalism discusses therelationship between system and behavior from the angle of institutional relationships.And it emphasizes the influence which whole system frame imposes behavior to; italso emphasizes that behavior are limited and restricted by multi-level system. Thesystem itself is a historical process of the heritage, so it is necessary to study theinteraction between institution and behavior in the historical process. Firstly,according to the time sequence the paper introduces the history of the people’scongress system. It is divided into historical heritage (prior to1954), the preliminarydevelopment stage of the people’s congress system (1954-1965), the failure of thepeople’s Congress system (1966-1978), and the recycling stage of the people’scongress system (after1979) of four stages. Secondly, it explores that the politicalelites push on the generation and evolution of the people’s congress system. The gapbetween the system text and the reality leaves a larger space where the political elitescan play subjective initiative. Therefore, the value preference of political elites oftenaffects on the practice of the people’s congress system, and its development trend isfrom authoritarianism backward stepwise authoritarian transition.From the perspective of political ideas, the fourth chapter mainly discusses theinconsistency between the provisions and the actual process of the people’s congresssystem. First of all, from three aspects such as the value judge of the power, conflictmaking rules and the limited reason, the paper discusses the logical starting point ofthe democratic political system and demonstrates that the purpose of the democracy isto realize the tame and restriction of power, any democratic political system is constantly developing in the political practice. Secondly, it discusses the theory originof the people’s congress system.“People’s sovereignty” is its ideal paradigm;“representative democracy theory” guides the realistic construction. Finally, the paperanalyzes the deformation when the political ideas turn into the system. Thus, it isconcluded that the democratic political concept guides the generation of the people’scongress system, as the authoritarian political idea plays the leading role in realityoperation. Therefore, the dualistic political concept is one of the reasons that cause theinconsistence between the provisions and the actual operation of the people’s congresssystem.The fifth chapter discusses the impact of environmental changes on people’scongress system formation and function. When the new China was established in1949, international environment requires that the legitimacy of Chinese new regimemust reflect “the sovereignty of the people”, and domestic environment requiresurgently constructing the modern state institution, which accelerate the formation ofthe people’s congress system. And in the process of people’s congress system intopractice, China implements on “surpassing strategy” to realize rapid modernization.International dualistic pattern of “advanced-backward” and domestic dualisticstructure of “strong country-weak society”,“strong Party-weak government” alsodeeply affects the operation environmental of the people’s congress system. Inaddition, various systems are mutual influence. The interaction among economicsystem, political system and cultural system constitutes the macro institutionalenvironment of the people’s congress system operation. Moreover, the plannedeconomy system and the mobilization of the Party also influence on the function ofthe people’s congress system.The sixth chapter discusses the influence of the ruling mode of the CommunistParty to the people’s congress system. The development path of China is that theParty leads the construction of the modern state system, and plays a dominant role inthe development process of the country. The long-term revolutionary struggle makesthe Chinese Communist Party form a highly centralized “unified” leading system.Democratic centralism and the caucus system strengthen the Party’s leadership to theorgans of political power. Therefore, path dependence of wartime system formed inthe period of the revolution profoundly affects the operation and function of thepeople’s congresses system. The seventh chapter is the conclusion part. The development of the marketeconomy has changed the economic structure and social structure in China. There aresome factors which include the expansion of political participation requirements ofthe internal people, the external democratization pressure and the political eliteacceptance the new ideas of governance, good governance provide adequate powerfor the reform and improvement of the people’s congress system. |
PDF Full Text Request