Research On The Construction And Development Of New Rural Communities In Shandong Province

The rapid development of China’s urbanization drive many farmers out of theoriginal models of agricultural production and move into cities, resulting inover-urbanization in many cities in China. Meanwhile, because of the lack of elitelabors, the rural society has lost its vigor in primary organizations; the development ofcollectives is lack of strength; modern agriculture is lack of successors; and childrenof rural families are lack of family education; China’s overall urban and ruraldevelopment has been constrained by these rural factors. To promoting theconstruction of new rural communities, build a new urban-rural relationship, andpromote urban infrastructure and modern civilization to extend into rural areas is animportant path to solve rural problems and to achieve overall urban and ruraldevelopment.New rural communities of this study are different from traditional villages andurban communities. They are communities in which people in certain rural areasfollow similar production modes and lifestyles and carry out common communitymanagement and services with complete community organizations and communityservices. They have the functions of residents’ autonomy, economic development,social management, community public services, and community cultures.The CPC Shandong Committee and the Shandong Provincial Government attachgreat importance to the construction of rural communities and regard the constructionof new rural communities as a basic project to build a socialist harmonious society. Atthe end of2008, Shandong Province issued "Opinions on conscientiously implementthe decisions made at the CPC Seventeenth Plenary Third Session on promoting ruralreform and development in Shandong Province" and required various places to start tomake planning and layout of rural communities and annual implementation planconstructing rural communities, and actively make explorations on specific work inconstruction of community infrastructure facilities, community resource integration,community funding, community organizations, community management, andcommunity services. In recent years, the construction of new rural communities hascovered all townships in Shandong Province and there have been typical models ofZhucheng City, Wenshang County, Jiyang County, Huangdao District and so on.Based on the interactive relationships between industrial development and communitydevelopment, Dezhou has proposed the measure of "co-construction of ruralcommunities and rural industrial parks", that is, constructing rural communities andrural industrial parks simultaneously, which has promoted farmers to move intocommunities and the intensive development of rural economy. This model is of greatvitality.In practice, the construction of new rural communities in Shandong Province hasformed various modes such as, the mode of several villages being one community, one villages being one community mode, the mode of combing villages withcommunities,"enterprise community" mode, and new urbanism community mode.The construction of new rural communities has also made a major achievement;however, at the same time, there are some problems in the construction of new ruralcommunities. Some problems reflect in the ideological, theoretical and institutionallevels, or in practice and the level of measures. The construction of new ruralcommunities Dezhou has developed rapidly. There are two implications for us: first isthat the “increase-decrease-related” policy of urban and rural construction lands is amajor driving force for the construction of new rural communities in economicallyless developed areas; second is that the "co-construction of rural communities andrural industrial parks" is an important guarantee for the sustainable development ofnew rural communities. Qingyun County’s "co-construction of rural communities andrural industrial parks" has promotes people to live in communities, work in cities andtowns, and promote industries to gather in industrial parks. It has accelerated thetransformation of economic development in rural areas and is a very good example.By studying the cases of autonomous rural community development in theUnited States, the case of "city-town-village" big merger in Japan, the case ofSingapore HDB community development, the case of democratic and autonomousagricultural community in Israel, the experience of the constructions of foreign ruralcommunities indicates that the construction of rural communities should pay attentionto community planning. Community positioning and operation should focus on sociallivelihood. Community construction requires multiple participants includinggovernment, civil organizations and enterprises. Community construction requiresmulti-channel investment.By studying cases of new rural community development in Shandong Provinceand the actual situation in Shandong Provinces and the experience of rural communitydevelopment abroad, the dissertation believes that the content of the construction anddevelopment of new rural communities in Shandong Province should include fiveaspects, namely, community economic development, the construction of communityorganizations, the construction of community public service system, relevantcommunity legislation, community cultural and educational construction. Measuresfor the smooth realization of the construction and development of new ruralcommunities in Shandong Province are to make innovation of the guiding ideology inthe development model and construction content, make institutional innovation inland system, property rights system, and community management system, establish aninvestment mechanism of community construction and operating funds based onpublic finances with multi-subject participation, nurture industries based on new ruralcommunities, accelerate the standardization and development of new rural communityorganizations, promote the construction of public service facilities in new ruralcommunities and training and education activities for residents, and accelerate theconstruction of relevant laws and regulations for new rural communities.