The Social Elite, Non-governmental Organizations And Government In Running The Mass Sports

This study is based on investigation materials on the running state ofthree Hu Nan community sport. And survey the operation mechanisms ofgrass-roots sport from the interactive perspective of elite,non-governmental organizations and government.On the background of that government’s supply to public sportsservices are unable to meet the basic needs of mass sports, with theirown efforts and rely on their own strength and superiority of resources,elites are able to beyond the constraints of physical sport; Through thestudy of the case, the author of this article discovered that in theprocess of mobilizing the masses to take part in sport,elites almost makea full use of the link function of social relationship to mobilize themasses to take part in sport and rely on convenient of trade, blood,location,such of social relationship to expand the participation of masssport continuously. In order to win over the support of government, market,and society, and make a better collection of sports resources for thedevelopment of mass sports, elites will resort to ally with companion,report success to the government, beg alms towards enterprise, establishunspoken rules such strategies to conform the sport resource. Ingrassroots community, elites take an active in the masses sport which playpositive roles on scooping in sport resource, providing sport service,promoting the basic social conformity, enhancing the public space andenlivening the value of social capital and so on.. With comparison inelites’ patterns, functions and effect forms in the operation in themasses sport in three communities named Da Ligang, Chi Linglu, Huang Xing,the author discover that the running state of grass-roots mass sportsdepend on the degree of intervention of the social elite in a large degree.Only by good cultivation environment, and attract more social elites intothe masses sport as many as possible, then make it the backbone and spinein running grass-roots sport, shall it can be possible that form a elitestructure with concerted number and proportion inside the masses sport.Elite structure has a significant interaction with the masses sportsoperation, excellent elite structures conducive to the realization of thebenign running of the grassroots mass sports.In the primary organization, civil social organization is anotherimportant developing force of mass sports except of the social elite.Organized forms of folk sports organizations can increase sportparticipation income while reducing social costs of individual sportsparticipation. Through investigate and survey towards official sportorganization, unofficial sport organization, and those unofficial sportorganization which have sport functions, we find that the establishmentand maintain of sport organizations largely associated with the socialstructure of community. In some degree, the integration of sports organizations do relate to the inside structure of these organizationsmore or less, social relationships are still important forms ofconstruction and development of sports organizations; intertwined andlinked with more social relations do more favor to the development andmaintain of members in sports organization, the operation of sportorganization will be more stable as well. For the survive of sportsorganizations, under the rigid constraints of physical resource shortage,although sports organizations with different size and nature required ofdifferent physical resources cost, struggle for a better survive anddevelopment, all kinds of sport organizations always select "free riding"strategy which means to depend on other organizations and agencies whichhave the comparative advantage of resources to improve themselves. Forthe better construction and development of sports organizations, it isnecessary to play the role of elite actively to building grass-rootssports organizations, take advantageous of the function of ties betweenvarious social relationships to construct and develop social sportsorganizations, devote great efforts to expand the sports function ofnon-sports organizations, pay attention to the importance of elderlypopulation in the construction of grassroots sport organizations.The government is both the most important subjects for the developmentof mass sports and one of the principal which directly responsible forthe sport. At present, establish and improve the public sports servicesystem and provide people with basic public sports service is the centreof government functions in mass sports. This is decided by the totalbackground of the current economic and social development, law of masssports development and demand of the masses sport. Although the governmenthas a major function of public supply service in the field of mass sport,in practice, actually different levels of government play different rolesand functions, provincial government play more function of adjustment,control and guiding in development through formulation and implementationof policies and regulations of mass sports as well as the launch ofspecific sport movement to guide and promote the development of masssports. Provincial government agencies usually don’t involve in thedevelopment of mass sports while county and lower government agenciesassume more in some specific services in the development of mass sports.Because of the different levels of governments have differentadministrative permissions, responsibilities and financial power andthey have different advantages in the development of mass sports, so, inthe course of developing mass sports, we should be fully taken into accounttheir own characteristics and comparative advantages of all levels of thegovernments and by the way of cooperation to promote the development ofmass sport. Judging from channels that the government perform the functionof public sports service, separation of produce and supply of publicsports services has become the mainstream model of public service reform and government purchase of sports service is an effective way to thisseparation.In the running of the grassroots sport, governments, folk organizations,the social elite constitute a troika which drive the running ofgrass-roots sport; government still is the most important subject inrunning grass-roots sport, folk organization’s role gradually protrude,however, social elite is another assignable part of force; in runninggrass-roots sport, relationship between elites and folk organizations isthat former form the latter’s framework while folk sports organizationsrely on the elites to mobilize the masses; relationship between socialelites and government is that social elite through individual actions toaffect the behavior of government sports and the latter depend on theformer to implement sport management; relationship between folkorganizations and government is that the former depend on the latter insome degree, the latter governance the former in various ways. Theinteraction among the social elites, folk organizations, government makethe running situation of grass-roots sport, according to their differentroles, the mode of running grassroots sport can be divided into threeleading modes by each of them and mixed-principal leading model runningthe mass sports and so on.