The Migrant Workers Shortage Governance And Transformation Of Economic Development Method

As a country that has a dual economic structure, our economic growth is goingthrough a typical economic development with unlimited labor supply. Lots of ruralsurplus labor continuously flows into modern economic department which isprimarily made up of urban industry, service industry and township enterprises. Itpromotes capital accumulation and output value growth of the modern economicdepartment. Expansion of the modern department attracts more rural surplus labor. AsChina’s economic development moves in accordance with this path,“the migrantworkers shortage” constantly occurred and its scope is more and more wide, ittriggered a heated discussion about “Lewis turning point”. At the same time, promoteour country’s economic development mode change becomes the main task that thecomprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of economy faces.The judgment of the number of rural surplus labor in our country is the mainbasis of judging the“Lewis turning point”. However, the differences between theexisting measure method and data lead to a big difference of the calculated results.Only using it as the basis for judging the economic development of our country is notenough. This paper reviewed the Lewis dual economic model and the extendedmodels, it found that the “Lewis turning point” should be the “commercial point” inthe Fei and Ranis model. The judgment standard of the “Lewis turning point” shouldbe the relation between the marginal productivity of the traditional department laborand his income. Accordingly, using empirical analysis of measurement model, wefound that there was still a big gap between the marginal productivity of agriculturallabor and the average income level in our country, our country has not reached the“Lewis turning point”, economic development is still in the dual economicdevelopment stage.The “migrant workers shortage” reflects the demand of high wages level ofmigrant workers, and this demand is closely linked with the migration patterns thatthe rural surplus labor move into the modern department. The population migration system with the household registration system as the core and land institutionsdetermined the temporary migration pattern of rural labor together. Keep the ruralcollective member right, it become the best choice for the most rural families toallocate family labor between the agricultural department and non-agriculturaldepartment, make full use of family resources, maximize employment and familyincome and reduce risk. In the temporary migration pattern, the modern departmentcan get labors using the wage less than the permanent migration pattern, but in thetemporary migration pattern, there was a rising demand of the wages. And, thequantity of rural surplus labor that the temporary migration pattern release is limited,with the labor demand of the modern department increases, the quantity of ruralsurplus labor that temporary migration release will be absorbed up, after that, it needspermanent migration to release more surplus labor. It will strengthen wages risingdemand when the surplus rural labor take the permanent migration pattern. Afteryears of economic development, the surplus rural labor that the temporary migrationcan release has been absorbed up, our country has entered the stage of permanentmigration, the rising demand of rural surplus labor wage level will be constantlyimproved. As a kind of institution wages, the “migrant worker shortage” standard aundersupply of the institutions which can raise the level of the rural migrant workerswage, the local government’s capital tendency and the Organization failure of themigrant workers determined the undersupply of the institutions which can raise thelevel of the rural migrant workers wage. Therefore, the key of managing the “migrantworker shortage” is to increase peasant worker wage level to meet the rising demandmigrant workers salary, while it needs supply institution in order to raise the level ofmigrant worker wages.Promoting economic growth transform from mainly rely on investment andexports to rely on coordination pull by consumption, investment and export is one ofthe content of China’s economic development method transformation. The core of thischange is to improve the final consumption rate, solve the consumption demandshortage. The main reason of the consumption rate decline is the decline of the rate ofthe net per capita income of rural residents and national per capita disposable income.The key of improving the final consumption rate and solving the consumption demand shortage is to improve the rate of the rural per capita net income and nationalper capita disposable income. Improving the rural migrant workers wage level candirectly increase wage income of rural households, and improve the rate of the ruralper capita net income and national per capita disposable income. It also can increasethe farming income through promoting the circulation and combination of rural land,promoting the scale operation of the land, this can indirectly improve the rate of therural per capita net income and national per capita disposable income. Thus,improving migrant worker wage level can also improve the level of consumption andhas a significant positive role in promoting the economic development method inChina change.Improving the migrant worker wage also has important meaning of economicdevelopment method transformation through promoting total factor productivity. Theimprovement of the migrant worker wage level has two main ways to promote totalfactor productivity. On the aspect of technology progress, improving migrant workerwage level will enhance the incentive of enterprise technology innovation ortechnology import through reducing physical capital gains level. At the same time, itexpands the market demand scale, through sharing research and development costs,reducing the research and development risk, Optimizing the market structure,improving the nation innovation ability to increase enterprise technology innovationor technology import power. On the aspect of human capital, improving the migrantworkers wage level can improve the demand of human capital investment by addingthe expected return, and improve the supply capacity of rural residents’ human capitalinvestment. At the same time, it can reduce the liquidity of migrant workers, andenhance the employment stability, ensure enterprise have enough time to recover theirinvestment costs and get porfit, and strengthen the enterprise of the possibility ofhuman capital investment and strength. In addition, improving migrant worker wagelevel can improve the quality of the enterprise worker and hard work, reduce thedegree of migrant workers’ liquidity, those can directly increase productivity, which isbeneficial to the improvement of total factor productivity.The key of improving migrant workers’ wage level is the supply of institution.Tosolve institution supply shortage problem, the main countermeasures have to change local government function, bring migrant workers’ public welfare into thegovernment’s assessment scope; take the union system reform, attract migrantworkers to join into the union, strengthen the organization of migrant workers.This paper intends to realize the innovation are: first, theoretically clear thejudgment standard of "lewis turning point" should be the relation between themarginal productivity and average income level of the labor in the traditionaldepartment. Using this judgment standard, it takes a empirical research on thedevelopment phases of our country; Then, it takes a deeply investigation on China’srural surplus labor wage rise decision mechanism from the view point of themigration patterns, and provides a new ideas for the study for the cause of “migratworkers shortage”. At the same time, on the basis of the classic dual economic theoryand combined with our country’s economy, it revises the classic dual economic theorythrough dividing the dual economic development stage into two stages, the permanentmigration stage and the temporary migration. Third, it takes a deeply comprehensiveresearch on the mechanism of migrant workers wage level and our economicdevelopment mode change, and adds to the research on the relation between thewages level and economic development.