A Study On The Formation Mechanism And Its Effects Of Overemployment In China

In recent years, the cases that Chinese workers died from "karoshi" to be found in the newspapers continuously, which was gradually aroused concerns of the scholars. However, the current study about the "karoshi" is paid more attention from the perspective of law, sociology, psychology, the literature of the formation mechanism and other effects of the overemployment was very scarce, not formed systematic research. Based on this point, this thesis absorb various disciplines research results and hinges around the effects of overemployment on individuals, enterprises, society and the deep-seated reasons of the overemployment, to analyze the related theories of overemployment and labor supply, and measures the rate of overemployment. Firstly, on the basis of the domestic and international research, combined with China’s national conditions, this thesis proposed the concept of overemployment. Overemployment is the excessive use of labor resources, not only includes those because of hard-working nature, or the pursuit of the cause, to pay more efforts than the social average, but more because of the institutional, social and other reasons, considerable members of the society are forced to bear an excessive workload employment behavior. Based on this concept, use the proportion of urban employment workers’time more than40hours as a measure of levels of overemployment. Data shows that overemployment is a ubiquitous state in Chinese workers, the degree of overemployment depending on age, level of education, occupation, industry; there are gender differences, the situation of overemployment about men is more serious than women.Secondly, this paper discusses the formation mechanism of the overemployment. In fact, the problem of overemployment of workers in China not appears out of thin air, which occurrence and development must have its historical roots and a variety of drivers. On the formation mechanism, the results of various factors led to the workers’overemployment in China intensified. This paper argues that China’s transition period has brought huge employment and survive pressure, the economic development needs under the global division of labor, the distribution of social resources is serious injustice, the inertia of cultural values, social security lag, the union of "incompetence" as well as the loopholes of the legal as the deep-seated reasons caused by workers overemployment in China. The profit-driven, almost cruel system of promotion and limited management level are the direct causes of overemployment of workers, which plus workers’ achievement motivation, personal qualities, those factors drive China’s workers provide a time-out, super-strength labor forwardly or passively. On the basis of the above analysis, we constructed a model of formation mechanism of overemployment to open the "black box" of the occurrence and development of overemployment.Finally, according to the rate of the overemployment, we figure out the reduced posts at the current labor market. Data shows more than half of the people employed in urban areas under the overemployment status. The existence of overemployment during the period2004to2011diverted as much as100million jobs. This shows that, to alleviate overemployment, not only improves the welfare of workers and at the same time has an important significance for increasing employment opportunities.