A Tourism Geosciences Study Of Mount Qomolangma National Natural Reserve

Mount Qomolangma National Natural Reserve, with its complex ecotope, biodiversity and pristine ecosystem, embodies the natural geography appearance and the traditional humanity state in the middle section of the Himalaya Range. Local inhabitants keep a well-preserved tradition of patriarchal clan system, customs, buildings, songs and dances and languages, and form an integrated mountain-human regional system with natural habitat. The dissertation, analyzes and studies systematically the geological landscape and the formation mechanism, and discusses comprehensively the formation environment, formation process and evolution mode of the geological landscape by employing the theories and methods of tourism geosciences study at home and abroad. This dissertation analyzes the suitable spatial structure of tourism activities in different regions and calculates the tourism carrying capacity. In the end, puts forward the tourism development mode.Based on the above studies, this dissertation comes to the following conclusions:(1) This dissertation sorts out the geosciences landscape resources of Mount Qomolangma National Natural Reserve in detail by taking regional tectonic framework as the basis for dividing space scale and divides them into a four-level system, identifies three level I, five level Ⅱ and seventeen level Ⅲ, and52geosciences spots of level IV. There are two resorts of5A landscape resources, four of4A landscape resources and five of3A landscape resources according to quantitative appraisal methods.(2) The dissertation probes into the geographical condition of the reserve in pale geological time from the perspective of stratigraphic sequence and restores and establishes the reserve and environment of sedimentation in Himalaya area by the order of geological time. The process of formation can be roughly divided into three stages:(1) the formation stage of stratum;(2) shaping stage of the valley;(3) lifting stage of the structure. There are four periods in the formation stage of stratum. The Himalaya trellis was fixed during shaping stage of the valley. Lifting stage of the structure happened at the same time with the neotectonic movement accompanied with obvious denudation and deplanation from about the end of Pliocene epoch to Quaternary period.(3) Due to the large space span and significant differences of geographical conditions of the reserve, the dissertation takes advantage of the space analysis function of ArcGIS and uses remote sensing and global positioning techniques to analyze the space features of areas, which are divided into north slope and south slope by the Himalayas, that are suitable for tourism from the perspectives of landform, land type and Mountain vertical belt. This study, based on modeling methodology study, establishes tourism carrying capacity model. It is found that the advantages of the tourism resource have not been fully exploited so establishing efficient tourism development model is the urgent problem that the reserve faces.(4) The dissertation sorts out the altitudinal zonation spectrum by adopting space analysis methods such as RS, GPS and GIS, and analyzes the space distribution features of the way land is used from two perspectives:the latitude and gradient. It is found that the vertical band features of cultivated land and meadow are more distinct and the population carrying capacity of the land resources has been surpassed. In order to improve people’s living standards and solve the contradiction between resources, environment and social development, we must change the way we use land and depend less on land produces.(5) This dissertation, puts forward the type, mode and region of tourism activity that are suitable for development in the reserve and establishes the tourism development mode with the feature of "ecotourism in mountainous areas and plateau".