Research On Russian Science&Technology System Transition And Science&Technology Innovation

Science&technology innovation plays a significant role for a country’s economicand social development, and science&technology System provides institutionalframework for Science&technology innovation. The institutional change of the science&technology System evokes the responding change in the system base, organization andoperational mechanism of Science&technology innovation, as well as its realization.Now China is in the process of the reform of science&technology System in order topromote the construction of a innovative country, and how to promote the economic andsocial development through reforming the science&technology System and realizingScience&technology innovation. In this aspect, Russia might provide us with valuableexperiences and lessons.With highly centralized planned economy model, the former Soviet Uniondeveloped its special science&technology System, in which the science&technologyresources were only distributed according to the plan, science&technology wasseparated with economy, science was separated with education, and military technologywas separated with civil technology. With the transition of the market economy, Russian’sscience&technology system changed correspondingly. On the basis of innovationeconomic theories, as well as the new institutional economics, development economicsand transition theories, this paper studied the influence of Science&technologyinnovation on Russian science&technology System, its organization, operationmechanism, its effects, deep reasons and the prospects of the innovative country with thepurpose of getting some helpful implications for Chinese science&technology Systemreform and the construction of innovative country service.This paper consists of8chapters focuses on Russian science&technology Systemtransition and Science&technology innovation. Chapter1is the introduction; Chapter2-7is the main body; the conclusion and revelation are in Chapter8.Chapter1includes the research background, research goals, research significance,literature review, evaluation, research method, research content, research methods,theoretical analysis tools and the innovative aspects and shortage of this paper. In Chapter2, the author introduces theoretical issues and analyzing framework ofthe science&technology System transition and the Science&technology innovation.In this chapter, the types, organization and traits of science&technology innovation areanalyzed and the analyzing structure of the science&technology System transition andScience&technology innovation is constructed.In Chapter3, the basic logic, brief process and features of Russian science&technology System transition are discussed. Russian science&technology Systemtransition followed the basic logic of the combination of science&technology andeconomy, science and education, and military and civil technology, which experiencedthree stages: turbulence, adjustment and improvement and presented many newcharacteristics: science&technology innovation system’s foundation of a combination ofgovernment and market has been established，new science&technology innovationorganization has been gradually created, and science&technology innovationoperational mechanism led by government.Chapter4focuses on the changes of Russian science&technology System and itsinfluence on Science&technology innovation. The transition of Russian science&technology System manifested in the following aspects: the introduction of the marketmechanism in science&technology field, the combination of government and market,science&technology and economy, science and education, military technology and civiltechnology, as well as the integration in technological globalization, which resulted in therealization of various types Science&technology innovations. However, scientificknowledge innovation was till the leading place, due to many problems in converting tocommodity production which led to the relatively slow development of the other types ofScience&technology innovation.Chapter5mainly concerns the Science&technology innovation organization,operation mechanism and mode of Russian science&technology System transition. Thescientific research institutions, colleges and universities, and the enterprises in Russia hadplayed new roles in Russian Science&technology innovation, while the enterprises didnot become the main body of the Science&technology innovation; the operatingmechanism of the Science&technology innovation in Russia to some extent promotedthe realization of the Science&technology innovation, but many problems still existed. Since the transition, Russia has formed a government-led technological innovation mode,and basic research and high-tech innovation are dominant.Chapter6focuses on the effects of Russian Science&technology innovation in thetransition of Russian science&technology System. Through quantity analysis, it can beconcluded that Russian Science&technology innovation to some extent promoted itseconomic increase and the optimization in industrial structure and trade structure, but thegrowth pattern of the resource economy could not be altered essentially. C-D functionand Solow residual value method were used to measure the ratio of Russian scientific andtechnological contribution and it also verifies such a conclusion.Chapter7focuses on the deep reason of Russian Science&technology innovationeffect and the prospects of a innovative country. The reason to the low economic effect ofRussian Science&technology innovation lied in the path-dependence of its science&technology System, transition restraint, resource curse, economic globalization and themultiple restraints. Based on its own conditions, Russia intended to pave a gradual andinnovative way to reindustrialization promoted by Russian government. In the aspect ofdeveloping its innovative economy, Russia had lots of advantages, as well as multiplerestraint factors. Therefore it needs further observation to make convincing prediction.Chapter8includes the conclusion and revelation. This paper draws the following sixconclusions: the all-around developmental strategy in Russian science&technologySystem transition and Science&technology innovation has preliminarily made; itsscience&technology System transition is in accordance with the basic innovationtheories; basic knowledge innovation is in the central place while technologicalinnovation is sluggish. Moreover, according to the conditions of China, this paper alsopoints out that Chinese science&technology System reform should begin with theprotection of technological potential, the government and the market should have anorganic combination in case both will be out of order, and the other revelation.