Research On Eco-compensation Mechanism Of Da Xing’an Range And Xiao Xing’an Range Eco-Functional Zone Construction

The Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone is a restricted development zone defined by the Chinese government in accordance with its eleventh five year plan. As an important ecological barrier for not only the northeast region of China but also the entire country, it is of vital significance in the overall ecological construction in China. Intensified exploitation of the past several decades seriously destroyed the forestry resources and has led to severe degradation of integral ecological functions of this region. With the recoverable forestry resources reducing year by year, the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range area is facing a resources crisis. Construction of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone is a strategically important measure taken by the Chinese government for the sustainable economic and social growth, harmonious development between man and nature in this region. To get out of the difficult situation, improve the ecology, practice sustainable social and economic development, and to realize the objective of constructing the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone, the key lies in the setting up of an eco-compensation mechanism. However, with the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone established only about a decade ago, though eco-compensation practices have been in place for some years, an eco-compensation mechanism in a real sense is yet to be established as the current system is still far from a sound and complete one with many deep rooted problems to be solved. For these reasons, a research on the eco-compensation mechanism of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone constructing is very much necessary.This paper expounds the eco-compensation motivation supported by theories of externality, sustainable development and regional economic development, among others, on the basis of research results at home and abroad. In this paper the author builds a multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standard calculating model and optimizes the financial compensation path of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction using such qualitative and quantitative analysis methods as economics analysis, analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis. The author also tires to build a relevant support system of the eco-compensation mechanism of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction toward the end of the paper and puts forword that a comprehensive eco-compensation mechanism should be established with the financial-transfer-type eco-compensation as the priority, supplemented by a incorporated system of the ecological industry regurgitation-feeding ecological compensation mechanism and the other affiliated eco-compensation supporting mechanisms. First of all, a literature and practical experience research on eco-compensation at home and aboardit reveals that the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction has become a national strategy and is of great significance to building a socialist new forestry region in Heilongjiang province, and that eco-compensation is an important incentive means for the eco-functional zone construction. The author starts the research from the eco-compensation mechanism of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction which is a unique research perspective and analyzes the motivation of eco-compensation by using economic analysis. The entire paper’s theoretical support lies in researches of the environment resources value theory and the regional economic development, which further facilitates the making of multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standards and optimization of financial compensation path studies.Secondly, the paper builds a multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standard calculating model of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction. In constructing the model, the author’s design coveres five dimensions including different construction stages in the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone, the importance of ecological niches, the cost factor of eco-functional zone construction, the nature attribute of forestry resource and the social-economical development level so that the multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standard calculating model conforms to the real situation of the eco-functional zone construction. The model may also serve as the basis for defining operable incentive multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standard in different districts of the eco-functional zone.Thirdly, the paper puts forward the lowest compensation standard for the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone in initial construction stage, which is a comparatively high standard. This standard is set on the basis of building the multi-dimensional differentiated eco-compensation standard calculating mode, taking into consideration factors such as ecological niches importance, forest stand types, origin and forest age structure of forestry resource in diffirent districts and by calculating the eco-compensation standard of the forestry ecosystem in the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range forestry district respectively using relevant adjusting coefficient of ecological niches and forestry eco-efficiency by analytic hierarchy process.Fourthly, the paper optimizes the financial compensation path well suits the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction. The paper puts forward the idea to optimize and integrate the current financial transfer payment system and determines respectively the items falling into the categories of special transfer payment and general transfer in current compensation policies based on analysis of the disadvantages of current financial transfer payment in the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction. Further to building the index system for the basic public services equalization, the paper evaluates the ability of the basic public services of different districts with a comprehensive score given to each of them. The horizontal transfer payment amount which should be turned in are determined by using the "excess progressive" method and the inter regional horizontal transfer payment amounts in different districts are determined according to the comprehensive scores given to different regions. These provide new thoughts for improving the horizontal transfer payment system based on the eco-functional construction.Fifthly, the paper proposes an affiliated supporting system of eco-compensation mechanism in eco-functional zone construction. In order to ensure that the eco-compensation mechanism functions permenantly, it must be supported by well affiliated and complete systems and policies in combination with internal and external environmental policy factors to improve the compensation mechanism of eco-functional zone construction. With relevant systems and policies of eco-compensation, such as evaluation system, incentive system, fiscal and land policies, etc., being established and constantly improved, it is of particular importance to increase the ability that ecological industry development regurgitation-feeds the eco-compensation mechanism, and to build a comprehensive compensation mechanism with the financial-transfer-type eco-compensation as the priority, supported by relevant affiliate system, combining the tecological industry regurgitation-feeding ecological compensation mechanism and the supporting system of eco-compensation mechanism.The eco-compensation mechanism of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction is a systematic project, concerning the interests of all stakeholders. Moreover, the construction cycle of eco-functional zones is long and the effect after the eco-compensation mechanism implementation is slow to appear. It is the author’s hope that this research will provide a theoretical support for the improvement of the the eco-compnesation mechanism of the Da Xing’an range and Xiao Xing’an range eco-functional zone construction, and will serve as a basis for the government and relevant government departments’ policy making activities.