| Land is the mother of wealth, is the material basis for human survival anddevelopment. Since the reform and opening up, China’s sustained rapid economicdevelopment has created a "China miracle", but the land as the core factors of productionstatus has not changed. In the rapid development of China’s economy strong demand forland resources, at the same time, the limited land resources are severely constrainedsupply capability. Land resources, the contradiction between supply and demand ofincreasingly intensified has become a bottleneck restricting the development of futureeconomic health, and improve the utilization efficiency of land resources is the only waywhich must be passed to solve this contradiction.As a scarce resource, before enhances the efficiency of the land,the first thing toconsider is the configuration problem. From the perspective of the overall structure, theland can be divided into agricultural land and non-agricultural, and the non-agriculturalland is manly used fort construction. On the one hand, as the essence of land, stable tomaintain a certain area of agricultural land is not only related to the balance of supplyand demand of China’s grain and other agricultural products, is also the importantguarantee of social stability and economic sustainable development. With the rapiddevelopment of industrialization and urbanization, non-agriculturalization of farmlandarea in our country is becoming more and more intensified, farmland area has reducedyear by year, and the contradiction between economic development and farmlandprotection has increased prominently.At the same time, industrial development hasbrought environmental pollution destruction of farmland quality, leading to the decline incrop yields.These problems determines that China cannot through the expansion of farmlandarea to realize sustainable development of agricultural extension, must walk the road ofconnotation type development to improve the efficiency of land use. On the other hand,construction land is also the core factor of production in China’s industrialization andurbanization. With the rapid development of economy, the industrialization of ourcountry has entered the middle stage of development.The accelerated development ofindustrialization has led to the development of Industrial Park, construction land demand of railway, highway, port and airport, and other transportation infrastructure as asubstantial increase. In addition, urbanization construction will bring substantial built-uparea expansion and supporting infrastructure, also need large investment to construction.Due to the restriction of the total amount of land resources, and in order to ensure foodsecurity, the sustainable development of agriculture, the farmland changed to benon-agricultural are restricted by law. Therefore, to improve the construction of efficientuse of land is the fundamental way to solve the contradiction between supply anddemand of construction land, and to promote rapid development of industrialization andhealthy development of town in china. This topic is determined in the context of this.From the existing research results, the land use efficiency literature mostly use thesingle factor of land use efficiency index or only focus on land use efficiency, but ignorethe social efficiency and ecological efficiency of land resource utilization. The efficiencyof land use total factor model constructed in this paper, in terms of input indexesincluding land element, and contains other associated factors in production process needs;select output index covers three aspects of economic, social, ecological, morecomprehensive and accurate evaluation of the efficiency of the use of land resources inChina, provides the necessary and feasible theory support to study the efficiency of theuse of land resources, at the same time to improve the utilization efficiency of landresources in our country has practical significance.This paper is based on the above thoughts, and the core content of the researchincludes calculating the using efficiency of land resources in China, and analyzes thefactors affecting the efficiency of land use. This paper focuses on resolving the followingfour questions:(1) how to define the efficiency of utilization of land resources;(2) howabout utilization efficiency of our country land resources;(3) what are the factors thataffect the efficiency of the use of land resources;(4) how to improve the efficiency ofutilization of land resources in china.The full text is divided into six parts, and its structure is arranged as following:The first chapter is the introduction, mainly introduces the background, researchsignificance, research contents, research ideas and methods as well as innovations of thepaper, and the carding and review of literature on the efficiency of land use in thedomestic and foreign. The second chapter is the related theories of land using. This chapter first definesthe connotation of land use efficiency, including the general definitions of land usingefficiency, agricultural land use efficiency concept and the construction land useefficiency concept. On this basis, introduces the related theories of land using efficiencyincluding the relationship between land use and agricultural sustainable developmenttheory, the efficiency of land use and city construction system, and the efficiency of landuse and ecological environment protection theory, which laid the theoretical foundationfor the research in the following chapters.The third chapter is the theoretical model and method of land use efficiency, thischapter introduces the total factor land using efficiency theory model and the analysismethod as core research of this paper. According to the study objective, this paper basedon Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method constructs a total of three elements of landuse efficiency theory model. The requirement and applicability of three total factorefficiency of land use model for data and application are not the same, so in practicalapplication, which way to choose should be judged by the detailed objective and detaileddata availability.The chapter four and fifth introduce the measurement and calculation of land useefficiency, and analysis of affect elements for land use efficiency. From the empiricalpoint of view, both of these core chapters measure land utilization efficiency in ourcountry and different kinds of types of lands in many areas, and analyze the reasons thatthe land use efficiency of different areas of our country is low and the difference of landuse efficiency of different areas. The fourth chapter focuses on the overall efficiency ofland use between1985-2011national and regional, agricultural utilization efficiencycalculation and analysis of land and construction. The fifth chapter mainly discusses theaffect factors which make the land use efficiency lower and the reasons that aredifference for land use efficiency are different in different areas.The sixth chapter is about the reflections on the efficiency of land use, the papersummarizes the research results, and in three aspects to provide certain enlightenment forthe present stage of our country land management policy. That are how to improve theoverall efficiency of land resources, how to improve the agricultural land use efficiencyand how to improve the efficiency of land use for construction. The seventh chapter is the conclusion, and this chapter studies the results of thereview and summary, and points out the shortcomings of the thesis and the futuredirection of further study.In the research process, this paper focuses on the qualitative analysis andquantitative analysis, and both theoretical analysis and empirical study, so the mainconclusions are as follows:1. In the framework of total factor production efficiency, using DEA method toconstruct the model of land use efficiency, economic efficiency model of land use anddynamic analysis model of the land use efficiency, which can use the total factorefficiency of land use model and corresponding analysis methods to evaluate theutilization efficiency of the national, provincial and different types of land. On one hand,these efficiency index models can be more accurately accorded with efficiency in theindex design, on the other hand also can overcome the shortcomings of the previous landproductivity index of single factor productivity framework.2. According to measure technical efficiency total factor utilization of land in China,and further decompose the scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, find the reasonChinese total factor of land use efficiency is very backward in low scale efficiency. Onthis basis, consider the input factors price information on all elements of land useeconomic efficiency as study, and continue to decompose the allocation efficiency, thelow of which can also lead to lower land use efficiency in China. The use efficiency ofdynamic land use total factor analysis model to estimate total factor of agricultural landuse efficiency, according to China’s agricultural land utilization efficiency calculatingresults, serious flood happened in our country in1998and the ensuing sell grain difficultproblems, leading to the period1998-2002total factor of agricultural land in Chinarelative to the use of efficiency decreased gradually in the twists and turns. Thereafter,with the development of agriculture more and more national attention, a lot of agriculture,agricultural policies have been introduced, which has made the agricultural utilizationefficiency improve rapidly. Calculation of construction land utilization efficiency showedthat, in1985-2011throughout the study period, Chinese construction land use efficiencyshowed "trend of up down up", has the transition year respectively in1994and2006.According to the provincial level data of measured results show, agricultural land use efficiency and the use of construction land there was a significant difference between thetotal efficiency and the efficiency of utilization of land resources in differentregions.From the East, Middle, West, in three regions, the efficiency value the East ishigher, and the middle of China is lower of efficiency value, the western region is thelowest efficiency value.3. Cause inefficient utilization of land resources in our country is the reason overallscale efficiency and allocation efficiency are low, and the fiscal decentralization leads tovicious competition, regional redundant construction, production factors can be not usedfor circulation and in the process of the industrialization of excessive capital deepening,these are the fundamental causes of scale efficiency and backward, and the relative lowerprice of land lead the low allocation efficiency. To improve the scale of the agriculturalland use efficiency have a positive effect on the scale, under certain conditions, landfragmentation reduces the efficiency of land utilization, rural labor and total factor ofagricultural land use efficiency at the5%level have the significant negative correlation,while the transfer scale of rural labor force increases has a significant positive effect onall elements of agricultural land use efficiency, the innovation of science and technologywill also improve the efficiency of agricultural land, but farmers educational level onagricultural land use efficiency is not significant. Strengthen the degree ofindustrialization, improve the level of urbanization, encourage technological innovationcan promote China’s construction land utilization efficiency. In addition, in2006the"1800000000acres of arable land red line" policy effect is very significant, that controlthe reduction of cultivated land and planning adjustments to some extent limited theexpansion of building land and encourage their potential. In the explanation of land useefficiency of regional disparities, the regional economic development level, propertyright system, capital deepening, technological innovation and other factors can explainthe difference of land resources use efficiency. Analysis the influence factors ofdifference in different provinces for agricultural land use efficiency influence theefficiency, mainly from the natural environment, structure of agricultural production,area features, government activities, technology and other aspects are discussed. Throughanalysis of the causes of land use efficiency difference provincial construction can befound, near the port nearby provinces, the built-up area expansion can improve the efficient use of land construction, as the distance from the port more and more far, thispositive effect gradually decreased, but effects of industrialization, city developmentlevel, innovation activities on the construction land use efficiency is positive.4. Improve the "revenue-sharing" system, establishing fiscal decentralizationproportion is moderate, balance the property right and financial power of localgovernment. To avoid repeated construction in maintaining effective competition amongregions, compared with other countries, China’s relatively low land prices, resulting thelower efficiency of land allocation, increase the land price can improve land allocationefficiency, but from a long-term perspective, strengthen human capital investment andimprove labor productivity is the fundamental way for improvement of land factorsallocation efficiency, can realize synchronous promotion in land factors allocationefficiency and technoligical efficiency of land use, and improve the utilization efficiencyof land resources in china. To accelerate the agricultural land circulation, create morelocal employment opportunities, promote the implementation of rural land property rightssystem, improve the rural land property rights security, increase efforts to promotescience and technology, improve the level of agricultural production technology canimprove the efficiency of the level of agricultural land utilization. Efficient use of landfor construction should grasp the following points: control the scale of construction land,make full use of the existing stock of land for construction, advance the healthy andorderly development of city, establish transaction mechanism index of land use area.In this paper, based on the existing research, and tries to make some innovations,mainly in the following aspects of the work:1. It clearly defines the concept of land use efficiency. The existing research on theconcept of land use efficiency are not clearly defined, consistent, so when selecting theevaluation index and calculation method of the strong capriciousness, lead to largerdifferences in the calculation result of land use efficiency. This paper defines the conceptof land use efficiency in total factor productivity framework, which overcome thelimitations of traditional single factor of land use efficiency. In terms of input indexes, itincluds land element and contains other associated factors in production process needs.As to select output index, it covers three aspects of economic, social and ecological thatgive more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the efficiency of the use of land resources in China.2. More comprehensive study. The existing research is effected by the reasons thatthe data acquisition is difficult to get an and other reasons. Now in China, it adopts thedata envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the efficiency of land use whichmainly concentrated in the city construction land, cultivated land, and on the landutilization efficiency of land resources utilization efficiency and overall research is stillrelatively small. The text on the definition of the land resources, agricultural land,construction land on the basis of the concept, the land use efficiency is calculatedrespectively by slecting the total land resources data, agricultural land use data and thedata of construction land leading the credibility enhancement of the result.In addition, the current papers using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) forcalculation of land use efficiency, only analysis for the technical effiency,which furtherdecompose the scale efficiency, because the input price is usually difficult to obtain, sothe allocative efficiency is not explored. This paper considers the input price information,the inefficiency of Chinese land resources is explained by using the method of allocationefficiency, which make up for the deficiency of the existing research.3. The temporal characteristics of land use efficiency in china is studied. Theexisting research on using data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to study theefficiency of land use mostly focus on horizontal comparison between different areas,ignoring the study of longitudinal dynamic land use. However, the process of land usehas the features of continuous, dynamic, so it is necessary to investigate the temporalcharacteristics of land use, so that to reveal and compare the land use condition. Thispaper constructs the dynamic analysis model of total factor land use efficiency, studyingthe dynamic characteristics of China’s land use efficiency, which makes the analysis morecomprehensive and complete. |
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