Reasearch On The Peasant Households’Behavior And Motivation To Invest In The Rural Small Size Water Conservancy Facilities

Inorder to enhance the investment behavior for peasant households to promote the construction of small size water conservancy facilities(SWCFs), under the background of the system evolution of the rural public goods supply, based on public goods theories, institutional change theories, behavior economics, motivation theories, social capital theories, this research focused on the peasant households’ behavior, analyzed general influencing factors on the investment behavior, discussed the way to stimulate the investment behavior, dissected the different display patterns for their demand, and put forward a countermeasure and suggestion.The main contents:1. Carding general theories which this research need to refer to, including public goods theories, institutional change theories, behavior economics,motivation theories and social capital theories. Summarizing and reviewing related articles, particularly emphasize on the state-rural society relationship and empirical factors which were affecting the water conservancy facilities demand.2. According to the public goods attribute of small water conservancy, based on the farmer behavior perspective, analyzed the behavior characters and game play of farmers on small water conservancy facilities supply.3. Teasing and analyzing the system evolution of the rural minisize water conservancy facilities in Chongqing by four stages, smmerizing the characteristic, condition and main achievements in each historical periods, summing up experience and lesson, exploring the exsisting problems and difficulties of the supply system in operation viewed of the historical point.4. Analyzing and discussing main factors that influencing the peasants’utility by Ordered Probit and Ordered Logit regression. This part of research used the sample of peasant households that invested in SWCFs in resent five vears. 5. Analyzing by binary logit regression of the investment willingness by money and labor respectively. This research is modeling on account of the static game theory, screening main factors that affects the peasant households’ investment willingness.6. Researching the incentive problem on the peasant households’behavior. This part of research analyzing both explicit and implicit motivation by ways of financial support, instrument perfection and social preference cultivation based on the framework of model "V-I-E".7. Analyzing three main pattern of the demand display, which including initiative contacting, strongman substitution expression, and voting.Conclusion:1. The key point of the effective supply for the rural quasi-public goods is that the reconstruction of rights and obligations between the government and the peasant households. SWCFs are quasi-public goods which has strong externality and monopoly with double nature of public resource and club goods in certain territorial scope. The motivation mechanism, cost apportionments, relationship coordination, organization and mobilization in the cooperated supply are satisfied under the production mode of big collective. However, when the households management replaced the collective production, these problems have not institutional arranged effectively., result in glide of construction of SWCFs, following bad influence on agriculture, urban-rural integration, food security and ecological safety. The construction of SWCFs are not only pressing needs of peasant households, but also duty-bound of the government. The key point of the effective supply for SWCFs is that, to increase the government investment, to respect and ductlead the willingness of peasants, to reconstruction of rights and obligations between them.2. Farmers were generally satisfied with the returns on existing water conservancy construction investment, but is still lacking compared to the initial investment’s enthusiasm, Agricultural income ratio, water use, whether to participate in the management, whether the views work, degree of education are influencing factors. The higher the proportion of agricultural income, farmers satisfaction is higher; The more of water consumption, the greater the famers’satisfaction; Farmers who participated in the management is more satisfied than who were not involved in management; Farmers whose views of the water conservancy construction project is worked are more satisfied; farmers with higher education whose satisfaction is higher.3. The ability of organizers, non-agricultural income level of community, government funded dynamics, utility of water conservancy construction, and education degree influence farmer’s intention to input money; area of paddy field, adequacy of existing facilities, non-agricultural income level of community and education degree influence famers intention to input labor. The empirical results show that, as the income of the farmers is increasing gradually, and the government investment ratio to the SWCFs is rising, income has not become one of the main factors affecting peasant investment. As labour costs rising, farmers tend to capital investment, and the price of main labor in the family is higher, the more willing to invest money. There is a game Among farmers and between farmers and the government. The lower educated groups has less understanding of the importance of water conservancy facilities and keep low investment willingness. There’s big difference between the influencing factor of capital or labour investment. more farmers to consider price factor and utility in theFor capital investment decision-making, they consider more price and utility factors, and behaves more like "Rational Peasant"; only when the water facilities is important, famers consider to input labour, and almost not consider of other factors, as behaves more like "moral famers".4. There are two ways for the government to motivate farmers willingness:the explicit motivation, including financial support and institutional support; the implicit motivation, by guiding or cultivating thesocial preference, such as sense of fairness, moral emotion and social capital. The government financial support is at present matched with the majority of peasants’ subjective expectation, demonstrating the importance to expand investment range in the existing cost sharing proportion, and benefit more water conservancy project. Comprehensive improvement of institutions such as decision-making system, financial supervision system, property rights system, organization system and the water rights system is helpful to enhance peasants’ willingness. Most of the peasants is " discretioner " on fairness, so hitchhike phenomenon has a significant negative impact. Farmers have the potential motive to pay for social welfare, but the SWCFs is not prior in their donation lists. Social networks are still in a certain extent influence the behavior, and encourage the farmers cooperative.5. Forms of willingness expression in construction of SWCFs is diversified. Initiative contacting comes from strong discontent with the status quo, with high authenticity and strong consistency. Broaden expression channels contribute to the eliminating the motivation for initiative contacting. Strongman substitution expression is with high efficiency, but most of the villages do not have such conditions. In addition, Possibility of "Rent-seeking" and mandatory substitution expression is notable. The relative adequacy of public financial transfer payment resources is the precondition of the realization of the voting expression, however the rural cadres are domaint in the rules and space control to suppress the villagers expression, as for the expression of "Elite-control".This form is high efficient in case the divergence is between the villagers and the elite is little, but when big differences occurs, elite control will damage the rights of villagers, or even lead the break of cooperation.Innovation: Established a frame of utility-behavior-demand display-collective action to describe the relationship between person and collective, and alanyzed the joint-supply of SWCFs from the perspective of peasants’ behavior. Be differ from existing research which consider the famers’ supply decision of public goods as a utility function submit to the hypothesis of rationality, this research considered individual heterogeneity and social preference, and introduced factors as income structure changes, uneven development of non-agriculture income level of community, rising of labour price and increase of government investment in recent years, arrived at reliable conclusion, discussed methods of motivation, and to refer to effective supply of SWCFs.