| Over the past 30 years and more since reform and opening-up, China's economy is developing rapidly, and the total economic output ranks second in the world. Meanwhile, along with the energy consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, environmental pollution is increasingly serious. In recent years, the hazy weather troubled most of China has also sounded the alarm to people, and people have to pay attention to the resources and environment problems brought by the rapid economic development. The increasing emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect caused by human activities are important factors of global warming.2015 "BP World Energy Statistics Yearbook" shows that the total carbon dioxide emissions in China accounted for 27.5% of the global total in 2014, more than the total of Europe and the United states. In order to cope with global warming and emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas, as the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, China not only face pressure to reduce emissions from all over the world, but also face the contradiction between domestic resources and ecological environment. In the dual pressures inside and outside, Chinese government put forward carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by 40 to 45% to 2020 than in 2005 in the 2009 Copenhagen climate change conference, in Paris in 2015 the global climate change conference also proposed that by 2030 carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP is 60?65% lower than the 2005 target. How to achieve this target has become the imminent task of governments at all levels in China. Therefore, improving the efficiency of carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions will become the important issue in China.Due to differences in regional resource endowments, geographical location, level of technology and institutional environment factors, our country exists great regional differences, the imbalance of economic development, the gap between East and West, the gap between urban and rural areas in the economic development, and the efficiency of a regional carbon emissions has a close relationship with the region's economic development level, so the efficiency of every area of our country's carbon emissions also exist certain differences. If you do not consider these differences and blindly set the mandatory regional emission reduction task that are clearly inappropriate. Regional difference is a problem that must be considered in the process of regional economic development. Only by understanding the regional difference of carbon emission efficiency, can make the policy recommendations for the general goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.In order to understand the regional difference and covergence of the efficiency of carbon emissions, firstly, we must figure out the exact meaning of the carbon emission efficiency, on the basis of existing research?this paper gives the concept of the efficiency of carbon emissions from a vision of total factor.The total factor efficiency of carbon emissions is the largest GDP and the least CO2 emissions that can be got under the condition that the labor, the capital and the energy being constant. Secondly, we must scientifically calculate the carbon emission efficiency, in the last two or three years many scholars use three stage DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to calculate the efficiency of carbon emissions in every area of our country, but this model also has deficiencies in practical application. Based on this and combined with previous research results, this article is proposed to improve the three stage DEA model, and the improved three stage DEA model estimates the total factor efficiency of carbon emissions in every area of our country, and analyze of the regional difference and convergence on the basis of it.Firstly, according to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC) (2006) and Countermeasure of National Climate Change Coordination Group Office and the national development and Reform Commission Energy Research Institute (2007) method, estimate carbon dioxide emissions in the area of China's 30 provinces in 2003-2013, and analyze carbon dioxide emissions, per capita emissions quantity and carbon emissions intensity in-depth. From the perspective of total factor carbon emission efficiency, the regional total factor carbon emission efficiency was measured and evaluated using the improved three stage super efficiency SBM-DEA model, and studies the regional convergence of the total factor efficiency of carbon emissions in China according to the PS convergence model based on the hypothesis of heterogeneity. The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first chapter is the exordium. This chapter mainly introduced the research background of this paper, the significance of the research on regional difference and convergence of carbon emission efficiency in our country is pointed out, and then the calculation method and the influencing factors of carbon emissions were reviewed, so that the definition, the calculation method, the influencing factors and the convergence of carbon emission efficiency were reviewed in detail in this paper and a brief comment was made. At last, the research contents?technical routes and methods are given and the main innovation points of this paper are also pointed out.The second chapter is the theoretical analysis framework of total factor carbon emission efficiency. This chapter gives the concept of the efficiency of carbon emissions from a vision of total factor on the basis of the relevant concepts of carbon emission and efficiency. The total factor efficiency of carbon emissions is the largest GDP and the least CO2 emissions that can be got under the condition that the labor, the capital and the energy being constant. Then the theoretical basis of carbon emission efficiency is analyzed from five aspects of sustainable development theory, environmental economics theory, low-carbon economic theory, the theory of the total factor productivity and economic convergence theory. Based on these two aspects, the theoretical analysis framework of total factor carbon emission efficiency is constructed, which forms the research system of this paper.The third chapter analyzes the status of carbon emissions in all regions of our country. This chapter estimates the total carbon dioxide emissions from 2003 to 2013 of the 30 provinces of our country using the fossil energy consumption data, and then analyzes the status and the change trend of total carbon emissions, per capita emissions, and carbon emission intensity from the perspective of national, Eastern Midwest and 30 provinces.Forth chapter begins with an overview of the related concepts, the application steps and the characteristics of the DEA model, some of the basic model of DEA were introduced, it analyzes the flaws of the traditional three stage DEA model in the practical application. At last, we improve the traditional three-stage DEA model by using the results of previous studies.The fifth chapter is the regional difference analysis of total factor carbon emission efficiency in China. It takes the amount of the labor, the capital and the energy consumption as input variables, the real GDP and the CO2 emissions are respectively taken to be the expected output and the non-expected output, level of economic development, energy consumption structure, industrial structure, urban level and opening degree are taken to be the environment variables, using the improved three stage DEA model which contains the non-expected output to make the empirical research on the total factor efficiency of carbon emission of regions in our country and the differences between them. Finally, a contrasting analysis between the improved three-stage DEA and the traditional three-stage DEA is made.The sixth is the regional convergence analysis of total factor carbon emission efficiency in China. This chapter firstly elaborates the theoretical hypothesis of the convergence of carbon emission efficiency from three aspects:micro, meso and macro, and then introduces the four kinds of commonly used method testing the convergence of the carbon emission efficiency and points out the limitations of these methods in the analysis of the convergence of regional total factor carbon emission efficiency of our country. Based on that, it gives out the principle and the testing steps of the PS convergence selected in this paper which is based on the assumption of heterogeneity, and uses this model to study the regional convergency of total factor carbon emission efficiency in China.The last chapter is the summary and outlook. Based on the results of the empirical study, it draws the conclusion of this paper and puts forward some policy suggestions on improving the efficiency of total factor of carbon emissions according to our country's current economic development and the current policies and regulations. Finally, it also points out the deficiencies of the research and the problems that worth a further research in this paper.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:1.Construct the theoretical analysis framework of total factor carbon emission efficiency.Different from the existing single factor carbon emission efficiency, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of total factor carbon emission efficiency from the perspective of total factor, and incorporats CO2 emissions as a non expected output into the framework.The total factor efficiency of carbon emissions is defined as the largest GDP and the least CO2 emissions that can be got under the condition that the labor, the capital and the energy being constant. And then, based on the theoretical analysis framework, this paper launches the research.2.1mprove the three stage DEA model, and use it to evaluate the total factor carbon emission efficiency in every province of our country.Choice of regional carbon emission efficiency measurement method are influenced, because the three-stage DEA model can get rid of the influence of the environment variables and random error factors, in the last two or three years, there were many scholars had applied the model to study the regional efficiency of carbon emissions in China. But in the practical application, three-stage DEA model itself also has some defects, the SFA regression model established in the second stage and the adjustment method of the original input variables will cause the efficiency calculated in the third stage biased. In order to overcome these defects, this paper improves the traditional three-stage DEA model by establishing censored SFA regression model in the second stage and putting forward new adjustment method of the original input variables, and then studies the total factor carbon emission efficiency in every province of our country using the improved three stage DEA model.3.Study the regional convergence of total factor carbon emission efficiency of our country by using the PS convergence model based on the hypothesis of heterogeneity.At present, there are few people studying the efficiency of total factor carbon emissions of our country. The previous studies mostly used the traditional convergence model which is based on the assumption of homogeny. Considering the differences of the level of production technology in various regions in our country, this paper tries to adopt the PS convergence model based on the hypothesis of heterogeneity to study the regional convergence of the efficiency of total factor carbon emission in our country. |
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