Research On Administrative Settlement In The North Of The Great Wall In Qing Dynasty

Under the background of new urbanization and One Belt One Road strategy,to enhance research on the urban history in the border areas,to explore the inheritage of the past,to push the transformation of theory into application,is beneficial to provide a historical basis for the coopertative development of the related region and the protection of urban sytle.This paper probes the characteristics of evolution process,spatial pattern,organization structure and urban morphology,following the order of “process-patten-organization-mechanism”,taking administrative settlement as the subject,and adopting ArcGIS,SPSS,MATLAB,Fractal theory,Point-axis theory as the mean.First of all,to track and restore the development of the town.The transformation of the military administrative district into the civilian administrative district preluded the development of the Great Wall during the Qing Dynasty.Under the immigration and trade promotion,towns diffused along the Great Wall to the East and West,taking Koubei Three Halls as the starting point,following the gradual mode of dispatching officer to establishment of administrative agencies.Due to periodicity of policy and assart,urban growth had six obvious stages.Secondly,the spatial pattern of urban system is characterized by fractal geometry,which is found that the target has a simple fractal feature,and towns gathered around the city of Chengde and Guihua.Locally,town extended to hinterland along the development axis in Guisui and Zhili area,whose fractal dimension values are located within 1-2;the town in Fengtian area is still in uniform diffusion stage,whose fractal dimension values approaches 1.In the case of time series,the urban system had experienced the process from random distribution to the overall self-similar.In this process,the urban diffusion had been influenced by the Great Wall,through the designated route and pass.Again,the regional and trend of the development of the urban system in the frontier area would be understood,by comparing the differences between the administrative pattern,military pattern and market pattern.In administrative system,the average control distance of Tao was about 140km;the control range of prefectural city varied according to the relative position between the town and the Great Wall;different levels of distance decay value was about 1.9;the gradually converging of administrative pattern and reducing management range had become a trend of towns in the north and south of the Great Wall.In garrison system,two sets of systems are reconstructed by means of the form of the Eight Banners Army commanding the Green Camp Army,completing the conversion from the normal duty mode of multi-center cluster along the Great Wall to stress pattern of the Senior settlement position in the forefront.The corresponding between the garrison system and administrative system decreased with the level reduction.In market system,the corresponding deviation between market and administractive occurred in middle level,performancing the phenomenon of confrontation between the emerging economic city and the traditional political city,and the former is more close to the point axis diffusion model.Finally,the internal and external morphological characteristics of urban were summarized.As the continuation of the policey,economy and culture of the mainland,the Mongolia town has the morphological characteristics of the Chinese traditional cities,which is single and stable,but in terms of scale and facilities are clearly less.There were two active centers in the city life,that were the commercial activity center and the official center.Along with the emergence of the railway,the new city functions that included staion,commercial,residential,warehousing,green,municipal and other,marked the beginning of modern.