Study On The Planning Strategies Of Refuge Space Of Coastal Cities In View Of Evacuation Behaviors

With a focus on the overall importance and effectiveness of evacuation,this paper sums up relative international research on refuge space of coastal cities,and on the one hand concludes the definition and types of refuge space,and the planning methods and development strategies of shelters,and on the other hand probes into the evacuation planning methods under the legal background of relative countries.Disasters that happen in China's coastal cities are various in types and high in frequency,however the construction of refuge space systems and the prevention and control measures are single and weak.This paper aims to fill in the blanks of domestic research on shelters,systematically complete the planning system of refuge space,and effectively prevent,reduce and eliminate the losses caused by disasters,in the hope of providing effective strategies for the planning of refuge space in China's coastal cities.This paper starts from the study of human behaviors,explores the causes of general behaviors and the factors of environmental impact,and analyses how the different evacuation consciousness and behaviors under sudden disasters could affect the evacuation results,in order to find solutions to the wrong evacuation consciousness and behaviors.Based on extensive data research and comprehensive analysis,this paper specifically analyses the mechanisms of four kinds of evacuation behaviors: bottleneck competition behavior,choice postponement behavior,herd behavior,and congestion competition behavior.This paper also covers the special aspects of evacuation behaviors by taking the elderly as an example.Psychological and behavioral traits of the elderly are studied,and the special requirement for evacuation space of the elderly are identified,which may provide a basis for the perfection of refuge space systems.Meanwhile,this paper probes into the connotation and extension of coastal city evacuation systems.Planning strategies for evacuation systems are brought up from the angles of urban spatial morphology,spatial structure,refuge space composition,land layout and open space.Different refuge systems and disaster prevention strategies are put forward respectively against the four most typical types of coastal city disasters: marine disaster,climate disaster,geological disaster and man-made disaster.Based on a risk assessment of the safety,accessibility and feasibility of crowd evacuation,this paper brings forward a practical evacuation method for the elderly under the circumstance of marine disaster and climate disaster happening successively.Based on a research of relative emergency disaster prevention systems of coastal cities at home and abroad,this paper establishes a community-level disaster prevention emergency refuge system,which is administrated by city and district governments,and takes elementary and secondary schools as its major spatial carrier.This community-level refuge system gives the urban area a complete coverage and deepens the planning principle of combining peacetime and disaster times.At last,this paper does a model analysis,from an angle of actual crowd evacuation,of the elderly crowd evacuating from the densely inhabited area of Tanggu,Tianjin Binhai New Area,to assess the reliability of the refuge space in this area.This paper draws lessons from Japan's experience of the elderly killed in coastal city disasters,and uses Mapinfo and GIS to grope for effective evacuation approaches for Tanggu area facing major natural disasters.This paper sets specific evacuation routes,evacuation methods and shelter layout according to different types of disasters,which provides a solid basis for disaster prevention decision-making and may help avoid blindness in disaster evacuations.