Design Research On Evacuation And Refuge Of Elderly Facilities

In recent years,under the social background of the rapid growth of the aging population,China old-age industry develops fast.A great many areas focus on construction of elderly facilities at high speed.However,with the widespread construction of elderly facilities,the occurrence of fire in China increases year by year,which attracts great attention from society.Fire safety in elderly facilities has become the focus of relevant industries.In May 2015,Code for protection design of buildings GB50016-2014 was carried out formally.Compared to the old version of standard,the new standard has a clearer and more detailed definition to buildings for the aged.However,due to the short execution time,there are discrepancies in comprehension of some provisions in the process of the actual projects’ approval.For example,whether aged buildings characteristic of fireproof rank 1 or 2 can lay out aged living rooms above 3 floors differs in approval standards between regions,which results in undefined design reference for constructers.Through research of domestic elderly facilities,the paper found many design and management problems related to current buildings for lack of deep awareness to fire protection and evacuation of aged residential buildings among designers and operators.Some newly built and sound managed facilities only aim at implementation of standard without taking shelter and evacuation based on actual needs of the elderly into account.Therefore,it is hoped to study on fireproof design during elderly facilities,and explore how to improve the success rate of escape in fire for the aged by means of architecture design.But it is difficult to conduct fire experiments to architecture,as the experiment itself is irreversible and take high cost.In addition,the development of domestic elderly facilities still lies in the primary stage,and the innovative design for shelter and evacuation is relatively rare.Therefore,in combination of literature research,field survey,and case analysis of developed countries and regions,by learning their advanced experience associated with domestic practical situation,the article puts forward key points of fire response design in elderly facilities.Firstly,through evacuation feature varying from the elderly with different degree of care,China’s architectural design standard and investigation case analysis of elderly facilities,fire protection problems involved in China’s elderly facilities are raised.Secondly,by means of the literature research and case analysis,the advanced concept of fireproof design for the elderly buildings in Japan,Germany and other developed countries are analyzed and summarized.In the conclusion part,this paper tries to illustrate key points of design for fire response of the elderly facilities from three aspects,respectively,plan design,evacuation route design and equipment selection.Finally,the author applied some design points from the text in the Beijing Taiyichun elderly facility,and was devoted to the design of evacuation problems.Combing with the practice,the research achievement was tested and reflected.