Evaluation On Multimodal Public Transit Resources Integration

China is now experiencing the urban traffic structure transition period and the car ownership is growing by 25%-40%with the rapid development of urban motorization.In this transition period,whether can we form the transit-oriented traffic structure is an important subject,which is highly related to the national bus priority strategy.Different modes of public transit are closely linked but relatively independent.Formation of reasonable traffic structure depends on coordination of these modes.The efficiency,level of service,and connection of different transit modes heavily affect the attractiveness and capacity of the whole transit system.Therefore,how we can evaluate the coordination effect of different modes to guide transportation decision is vitally important.Scientific evaluation on multimodal public transit resources integration can not only assist transportation planners in making decisions but also assess the current transportation infrastructure.However,the previous evaluation methods usually focus on one specific mode,without considering the diversity of public transit systems.What's more,they also lack the targeted integration evaluation.Thus,it's of importance to comprehensively evaluate public transit integration,considering the multimodal transit resources coupling.Hence,this dissertation conducted the "Evaluation on Multimodal Public Transit Resources Integration" based on National Key Basic Research Program of China "Transit-Oriented Multimode Transportation Network Coordination Mechanism and Coupling Theory"(2012CB725402).Based on the characteristics of multimodal transit systems(rail,bus and public bicycle),spatial integration,time integration,capacity integration and information integration were respectively evaluated to form the overall transit evaluation system.Firstly,we compared the advantages and disadvantages of three different transit modes and put forwards the multimode coupling connotation.We also illuminated the coupling characteristics of complementary advantages of multimodal transit systems,which consist of the rail transit framework,conventional bus backbone,and public bicycle supplement network.Furthermore,through the intelligent operating data of different transit modes,transfer points identification methods among three different transit modes were established and the identification results were presented at last.Secondly,we selected spatial accessibility and intermode connectivity as the characteristic indexes of the spatial integration:space accessibility,based on the spatial interaction model(potential model),introduced the impedance of the cumulative opportunity model,considering the influence of transfer;intermode connectivity,introduced connection efficiency and node important degree to indicate interaction between different public transit modes.This part also proposed the methods to extract the spatial integration parameters based on the public transit electronic map and coordinates transformation.According to the k-means clustering method,we divided the spatial accessibility and intermode connectivity into excellent,good,medium and poor 4 classes r.espectively,in unit area,to measure the spatial integration level.Finally,based on the rail transit data,conventional bus data derived from baidu map API,and the public coordinate information provided by the operators,we evaluated spatial integration of Nanjing city.Thirdly,time integration research includes the travel time reliability and transfer time.We proposed a method to extract reliability parameters from smart card data.Specifically,for conventional bus,we put forwards the serial methods including the GPS data cleaning,passenger volume estimation based on fusion of GPS data and smart card data,travel time extraction.We estimated the multimodal travel time reliability assuming it is the series system combining in-vehicle travel and transfer.On the other hand,in view of transfer between the rail transit and conventional bus,we divided the transfer time into walking time,waiting time and delay time,and estimated them from smart card data.According to the time perception differences about different stages,we calculated the passengers' actual perceived transfer time to measure the level of time integration.Eventually,with public transit operation data in Nanjing,we verified the effectiveness of passenger volume estimation,evaluated travel time reliability of different modes and their combination,and showed the analysis results of the walking time,waiting time and delay time.Fourthly,we evaluated the capacity integration by the network total capacity and intermode capacity matching.Based on public transit network assignment theory,considering factors as the travel time,waiting time,congestion cost in carriage,physical consumption etc,we used the generalized cost to estimate path choice probability.A state-augmented multi-modal network as well as its processing algorithm including rail transit,conventional bus and public bicycle were proposed to calculate the network total capacity.For the intermode capacity matching on transfer points,we proposed the conventional bus transfer ability estimation and public bicycle state estimation algorithms respectively to realize the evaluation of microscopic capacity matching using intelligent operation data.Finally,we designed the experimental network and calibrated model parameters.We also calculated the intermode capacity matching degree,taking Nanjing city as an example,Finally,the public transit information was divided into three categories:pre-trip information,on-trip information and personalized information.We analyzed the information integration from two aspects:information quality and passenger perception.Based on the investigation,the dissertation analyzed the traveler information needs and selected the most concerned navigation information,static map information and guide information to evaluate.We set up 12 key evaluation indexes and designed the targeted questionnaires and the critical ratio method.The variable correlation analysis and principal component screening methods were also established.Based on objective entropy-weight method and membership function,we gave the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation procedure of public transit information integration.Finally,with the survey data in Nanjing,we showed the evaluation results of this research.