Study On The Sacrificial Architecture In The Qiong-lei Area During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

The Leizhou peninsula and Hainan peninsula have been in the same administrative division for most of their history.They are closely related in geography,history and ethics.During the long development in history,a unique diversity of free island belief culture phenomenon has been formed.Each faith has its corresponding sacrificial architectural space and worship etiquette.As a material carrier of multiple beliefs,different sacrificial building spaces and sacrificial rites reflect the interaction of different cultures in the region.It is also the most intuitive object to understand and study the traditional architecture of Qionglei area.And its connotation includes not only the building form,space form and environment,which are closely related to the belief activities,but also the construction technology and decorative symbol expression.In this dissertation,the sacrificial building space system is summarized as the official sacrificial buildings.The structure of sacrificial architecture network is based on the relationship of folk belief system and ancestral temple building in kinship relation.Based on the literature research method and field survey,a large number of traditional architectural examples are used as the basis:Firstly,this dissertation discusses the rules about different types of time and space distribution in Qionglei buildings,and analyzes the reason of the difference of time and space distribution by political factors,natural environment,economic level,traffic conditions,and the historical and cultural environment.The types and distribution of the sacrificial architecture in the areas of Qionglei reflect the mainland culture consciousness and yearning at the same time,and the distinctive local features are formed under the dual influence of the unique multiculture and ocean geography.Secondly,this dissertation discusses the characteristics of sacrificial building in Qionglei.The main research object of the Confucian Temple is the existing Dacheng gate and Dacheng hall.The overall layout and architectural features of the study palace are studied by Wenchang Confucian Temple which was completely preserved.The Ancestral hall and the temple are mainly composed of the whole gate,the middle hall,the worship pavilion and the main hall to sum up the regional features of the temple building.Based on the classification of Baiting in the study of spatial composition,we divided the plane layout into"T" type,”工”type and”口”type.The plane layout of space combination distribution are related to migration routes,natural disasters and the relationship among village distributions.To meet the demand for worship,temples always use“工"Type plane.The ancestral hall in Leizhou area is dominated by "T" type plane.The ancestral hall in Hainan is dominated by the "口" type.Thirdly,the construction characteristics of the prototype and evolution have been researched.Based on almost one hundred traditional existing buildings,respectively,the facade and decorative features of the Confucius Temple,the purlin,structure features,typical components of the plinth,concrete column,beam,column Tui of melon and the camel have been analyzed in the characteristics of the form and era.The dissertation tries to find the construction characteristics of buildings and lineage relationships.In the typical instance of different periods,it can be found that the style of its development appears to be two extremes-cumbersome or less decoration.Fourthly,scale rules of worship building are analyzed.The two places in Qionglei have two different Construction Ruler-Leizhou 31.5cm and Qiongzhou 32cm.The Confucius Temple conforms in line with the traditional architectural design of the whole foot and half a foot.The plane scale of the temple is closely related to the scope and scale of the temple,the village,the main,second and third temple which are enlarged in order.Standard design law analysis,spatial model is set up with typical cases.Based on the main modulus between the heart and Fifthly,from the micro level of sacrificial space,the paper proposes the location of the sacrificial space and the different gender issues,and studies the pattern of the sacred space by the representative of the Confucius Temple,the temple and the ancestral hall.The relationship between ritual activities and sacrificial space is discussed from the traditional settlements and the geographical and folk beliefs of the clan.Fifthly,from the micro level of sacrificial space,the paper proposes the location of the sacrificial space and the different gender issues,and studies the pattern of the sacred space by the representative of the Confucius Temple,the temple and the ancestral hall.The relationship between ritual activities and sacrificial space is discussed from the traditional settlements and the geographical and folk beliefs of the clan.The paper consists of six chapters.Chapter one is the introduction,mainly elaborated the selected topic background,significance,research areas,objects,time categories,as well as the research methods and technical routes.In the second chapter,based on the analysis of local Chronicles,discusses the Qionglei buildings of different types in time and space distribution rule.The third chapter studies the typical worship building of the Confucius Temple in the construction area of Qionglei.The fourth chapter discusses the establishment of a system-genealogy of worship building,respectively studied from the facade and decorative features,the structure characteristics and evolution of purlin,component characteristics of the cohort.The fifth chapter is the Confucius Temple,temple,the ancestral hall plane scale,and beam profile scale law.The sixth chapter explores the relationship among the micro worship space,architectural space and sacrificial ritual activities.