Analysis On Factors Influencing Quality Of Mechanized Kernal Harvesting And Characteristics Of Farmer Adaption In Typical Ecoregrion Of Maize In China

Mechanized kernel harvesting is the key technology of modern maize production system, and the trend of Chinese maize harvest technology development. So researching on the limiting factors of extension and application of maize mechanized kernel harvesting technology has important practical meaning for promoting the development and application of mechanized kernel harvesting technology, leading high yield and efficient production in nationwide and improving competitiveness of maize industry. Experiment and investigation were carried out, focusing on the effect of different types of varieties, grain moisture content, machine model and harvesting speed on the machinery harvesting quality (grain crushed rate, impurity rate and yield loss rate), and the factors influencing the characteristics of farmers adapting behavior on machinery harvesting mode. The results as following:(1) The experiment results show that, positive correlation of the maize grain moisture content with their grain crushing rate and impurity rate is highly significant, and the same is that of yield loss rate with ear and kernel gleaning rate, both of them are the main cause of yield loss. The impurity rate and the yield loss rate of grain are almost in the range of national standards, when mechanized kernel harvesting with current varieties and machine. According to national standards, conformity of grain impurity content is 88.31%, yield losses is 85.68%, and grain crushing is relatively high, only 32.30% at the national standard of 5%,64.07% at the enterprise standard of 8%. The problem of varieties suitability is serious. The results of different varieties and harvest period in Beijing show that, it is suitable for spring maize harvesting when grain moisture content is 23%, if continue to lay in the field, grain moisture content will fall further, grain becomes hard brittle, and mechanical shatter easily, which cause grain crushing rate rise again, in order to ensure harvest quality, determining the suitable grain moisture content of different maize varieties is critical.The results of different harvesting machinery model and harvesting speed show that, at the present stage of maize ecoregion, the control of harvesting machinery on yield loss rate is well, impurity rate is similar when grain moisture conditions is farily, but the broken rate indicate significant difference between machinery models of different sources of technology. In addition, the low and middle harvesting speed penchant for mechanic is not the best speed for optimum quality of harvest. (2) The results of investigation show that, full mechanization of maize planting achieved basically in Heilongjiang State Farm (Youyi farm and 852 farm), the main factors influencing the mechanized kernel harvesting adoption is planting scale (96.2%), varieties (91.7%) and soil preparation policy (88.9%). Compared with mechanical ear harvesting, mechanized kernel harvesting is more convenient for harvest and sale, and also lower costs, thus adopted large-scale in 852 farm. Degree of maize production mechanization is high in Heilongjiang province (Longjiang, Fuyu, Keshan)(above 83.0%), but most of them is in mode of mechanized ear harvesting. The mechanical is more efficient than the artificial (83.3%), no large harvesting machinery (37.3%), ear easy to store and can be up for grabs (35.2%) are major cause for high adoption rate of mechanical kernel harvesting. There is mainly artificial harvesting in Jilin province, poor quality evaluation on mechanical harvesting (89.6%), core and stem retention (82.9%), and the high cost of mechanical harvesting(66.3%) are the restrict factors for harvest machinery applicaiton. Large planting scale and low costs of mechanical kernel harvesting (97.4%) are the main factors in Xinjiang region. High fees with mechanical harvesting (63.9%), small planting scale and sufficient labors (52.8%), large yield loss (50.0%) are the restrict reason in Henan area. Estimate of influence factors model for technology diffusion showed that, planting acreage, maize revenue share, years mechanized ear harvesting used, sales modes are the key factors significantly affecting the diffusion and expansion of the technology of mechanical harvesting, with further expansion of the farming area, whether maize can be sold directly or immediately after harvesting is the necessary factor that affect farmers to adopt mechanized kernel harvesting technology. In conclusion, grain moisture content is a major factor affecting the quality of maize mechanized kernel harvesting, the suitable variety and grain moisture content is guarantee for maize mechanized kernel harvesting quality. Planting scale and efficiency are the key factors to implement the agricultural machinery harvesting technology, the bigger the scale of farming, the higher planting benefits with mechanical harvesting, the more inclination of the farmer to adopt the advanced agricultural techniques and mating planting business model, the more complete social service facilities for maize selling and drying. So, further extension of mechanical harvesting technique shall be based on economic, social, environment factors around the maize production in different ecoregion.