The Spread And Research Of Lu Xun In The French-speaking World(1926-2016)

Lu Xun has firstly attracted the attention of the western scholars because of the uniqueness of his thoughts and works,and has become the leading role in the spread and research of Modern Chinese literature in the French-speaking world.Since ninety years,Lu Xun's communication and research in the French-speaking countries have achieved fruitful results:Lu Xun's works have been systematically translated into French;the corresponding research institutions and specialist teams are growing stronger.The image of Lu Xun has not only been admitted by the French academia,but also has penetrated into French society and people's daily life,more and more understood and accepted by French-speaking readers.Since the“May Fourth”new cultural movement in China,the cultural value of Chinese literature has been recognized and appreciated by more and more western scholars,and the people in the foreign academia were fully aware that Chinese literature is an integral and important part of world literature.The famous French sinologist Fran?ois Jullien pointed out in Why the Westerners Cannot bypass China When We Study Philosophy that the Western humanity formed under “ the single experience ” needs Eastern thought to “ offer opportunities for introspection”and to“rescue”the western rationalism.The new century is a new era of globalization,we need to follow Chinese academia's finetradition inherited from the May Fourth Movement,stressing the nutritional from foreign advanced culture,as well as“pay attention to spread the fruits of Chinese culture and literature to the world”.In the context of globalization,he systematic research of the dissemination and acceptance of Chinese culture and literature in the Overseas has become an important study direction of Chinese-Western comparative literature.Therefore,systematically carding and summing up the history,present as well as the future trend of development of the study of Lu Xun in the French world,can not only contribute to the heritage and influence of Chinese literature and culture in the context of exotics,but also stand as a value orientation,introducing advanced western research methods and taking the western perspective to introspect the eastern civilization.The dissertation aims to study the characteristics,laws and revelations of the spread and research of Lu Xun in the French-speaking world from the perspectives of the crenologie,doxologie and mesologie,hoping that the current significance of Lu Xun resources would be further explored,to promote two-way cultural exchanges of Lu Xun under the global context.The dissertation consists of eight chapters,each focusing the situations and characteristics from different periods,analyzing the dissemination and study of Lu Xun among francophone countries,mainly including the followings: the overseas translation of Lu Xun's works;thestudy on his texts,literary theory and enlightenment and revolutionary thought;the study on his image in the activities of literary and cultural communication.Chapter I introduces The French and the Formation of Lu Xun's Thought.This chapter briefly introduces the life and creation of Lu Xun,the French literary translation activities of Lu Xun,focus on the analysis of the French Thought in the formation of Lu Xun's literary theory,enlightenment and revolutionary ideas.Chapter?introduces The Translation of Lu Xun by Chinese Overseas Students in France(1926-1936).This chapter includes translation in the dissemination of Lu Xun's works from 1926 to 1936,when Chinese overseas students served as the main force,taking the personal way in translating for the French readers.This becomes the dominant model of the study of Lu Xun in this specific period.The chapter focuses on translations of Lu Xun's works by Jean-Baptisite Kin-Yn-yu and their roles,as well as the french translation by Hsu Sung-Nien,expositing subjective and objective factors which influence the dissemination of Lu Xun and his works in the French world.Chapter ? introduces The Dissemination and Study of Lu Xun by Foreign Missionaries(1937-1948).This chapter revolves around the translation and research of Lu Xun's works from 1937 to 1948 by missionaries in China from France,Belgium and other countries,focuseson the study fruits and limitations of Joseph Schyns,Henri van Boven,Jean Monsterleet,Octave Brière.Chapter IV introduces The Spread and Acceptance of Lu Xun among the“Maoists”and the“Tel Quel group”(1949-1976).This chapter describes the dissemination and acceptance of Lu Xun's works in the French-speaking world from 1949 to 1976,taking the research activities of the“Maoists”and the“Tel Quel group” as the main research objects,focuses on the research characteristics and limitations of this period,mainly analyzing Simone de Beauvoir's Long March as well as translation and research on Lu Xun's work by Berta Krebsová,a member of the Prague School.Chapter V introduces The Complete Translations and Studies of Lu Xun's Works at the End of the 20 th Century(1977-1999).This chapter mainly analyzes Lu Xun studies by contemporary sinologists from 1977 to 1999.It focuses on the renowned expert Michelle Loi,the sinologist Fran?ois Jullien——their studies and views of Lu Xun.Chapter VI introduces The Image of Lu Xun in the New Century(2000-2016).This chapter studies the acceptance of Lu Xun's image construction in the new century among francophone countries,focusing on Sébastian Veg's translation and study on Lu Xun's works,Jean Marie Gustave Le Clézio's acceptance of Lu Xun,Lu Xun's contribution to the Chinese-French cultural communication.Chapter VII introduces The Retranslation and Interpretation of The True Story of Ah Q.This chapter compares and contrasts the different french translations of The True Story of Ah Q by Paul·Jamati,Martine Vallette-Hémery,Michelle Loi,with that by Beijing Foreign Languages Press,analyzing the translator's understanding and acceptance of Lu Xun as well as the characteristics of such understanding and acceptance,further revealing Ah Q's versatility.Chapter VIII introduces The Controversy.This chapter mainly discusses the following five aspects:(a)The debate on Weeds;(b)Dose Ah Q still exist?(c)Is Lu Xun a humanitarian?(d)the letter-event between Romain Rolland and Lu Xun;(e)Whether Lu Xun has become renowned for Romain Rolland's“fame by association”? The chapter aims to retrace the above-mentioned problems,so as to clarify some controversial historical issues.The last part presents the conclusion that summarizes the main content and innovations of the whole dissertation.By analyzing laws of the dissemination and study about Lu Xun in the French-speaking world,this part reveals the prospect of Lu Xun's works among francophone countries,and the significance of his enlightenment thought and revolutionary spirit to current social development and progress.In different historical periods,the dissemination and research of Lu Xun presented different trends and characteristics,following the law ofthe historical development.In short,a high evaluation is made to Lu Xun in the Francophone countries.In 20 th century,a historical cognition is accomplished that Lu Xun's identity has been transformed from the Chinese writer into a world-famous author during the communication and research courses of Lu Xun and his works in the French-speaking world.In the 21 th century,the overseas dissemination and study of Lu Xun continues to advance,and will finally complete the transformation to the shaping and acceptance of the world cultural celebrity image of Lu Xun step by step.The development trends of Lu Xun studies among francophone countries in the future will likely be prospected as follows:On the one hand,in the 21 st century,the Ethnic reading of Lu Xun's text is continually strengthened during the course of Lu Xun research in the French-speaking world,focusing on the criticism of national character and the modernity values test of enlightenment thoughts,demonstrating worldwide characteristics of Lu Xun literature by the combination of western philosophical thoughts,western theories of literature and art for the mechanisms of literary creation.On the other hand,the research focus will shift gradually from the field of literature turned to the field of sociology,from the visible text study to the invisible mechanism research,namely the study on Lu Xun's sociological influence: the affected object is not just confined to a targetpopulation or class;the influence time is not limited to a certain era;the influence scope is not restricted to literary and cultural fields.Results under this influence may be the visible text output,could also be the intangible personality shaping.The research world of Lu Xun in the francophone world is more in-depth development in the 21 st Century,the relevant research results are also more comprehensive,systematic and profound.The worldwide characteristics of Lu Xun are not only reflected in the worldwide consensus aroused by his works,but also lie in the general psychological cognitive resonated by his spirit and in the universal constraint of psycho-social mechanisms generated by the radiation force of his personality,contemplating the“ideal human nature”all over the world and seeking the answers.