| The philosophy of the mind is a very important Neo-Confucianism ’s thought in the history of Chinese thought and the history of Chinese philosophy.It consists of the philosophy of Jinxi,which was founded by Lu Xiangshan(1139-1193)in the Song Dynasty;Yangming’s philosophy by Wang Yangming(1472-1529)in the Ming Dynasty;and the philosophy of Jiangmen by Chen Baisha(1428-1500)in the Ming Dynasty.These thoughts jointly promoted the booming of the philosophy of the mind in the Chinese history.The philosophy of Jiangmen is a genre in the philosophy of mind,which is created by Chen Baisha in the Ming Dynasty,and is carried on and developed by his pupils and subsequent scholars.It belongs to the Neo-Confucianism’s thought,which is generally the Confucianism thought.In terms of time,this genre started after Chen Baisha’s thought of ’Obtaining the Truth from Oneself’ in 1465,and it ended along with Liu Jishan’s hunger strike death for the country in 1645.It lasted for more than 180 years.In terms of space,the genre originated from Guangdong province in the Ming Dynasty,and it spread to most of the provinces in China gradually.From this point of view,the philosophy of Jiangmen is a widespread and time-honored academic genre.To date,it is popularly accepted in the academia that the philosophy of Jiangmen is the Taoism thought of Chen Baisha and his pupils.Some researchers even see the philosophy of Jiangmen as the "the philosophy of Chen Baisha and Zhan Ganquan".In this paper,the definition of the philosophy of Jiangmen could be considered as a relatively new one based on the definition in "History of the Ming Dynasty·Rulin Biography" and "The Research on Bai Shazi".As a widespread and time-honored academic genre,the philosophy of Jiangmen certainly has many Neo-Confucianism scholars and literature.At the same time,it has its own development trace.From the present literature and materials of the philosophy of Jiangmen,we can see that it has a clear development trace:emerge—develop—thrive-fade—collapse-terminate.From the academic form of the Jiangmen genre in this paper,this development trace can be interpreted as-the philosophy of Baisha—the philosophy of Xiao Baisha—the philosophy of Ganquan—the philosophy of Zhan Ganquan and his pupils—the latter period of the philosophy of Jiangmen—the philosophy of Jishan.Previous studies on the philosophy of Jiangmen were usually focus on the Chen Baisha and Zhan Ganquan’s Taoism thought,although they did involve the genre of Xiao Baisha and Zhan Ganquan and his pupils,most of them just mention some moralistic purposes of some philosophers because they only used the"History of Chinese Thought in the Ming Period" as their reference.In the paper,we not only do studies on the philosophy of Xiao Bai and the philosophy of Zhan Ganquan and his pupils in details,but also have detailed research on the latter period of the philosophy of Jiangmen,which is usually ignored in previous studies.It can be considered as the innovation of this paper.At the same time,we treat the genre of Jishan as the philosophy of Jiangmen,then give specific analysis and reasoning.It can also be considered as another innovation.Through the studies on the above-mentioned philosophy,we can deduce the Taoism features of the Jiangmen genre.In terms of the mentality,it has two fundamental methods,including’doubt—obtain by oneself’ and ’analyze the problem on a whole’.In terms of the ideological content,it holds that Li is combined with Qi,and Neo-Confucianism exists both inherently and externally as its cosmism opinion;in the doctrine of mind and nature area,it hold the opinion that the nature of reason is combined with the nature of gaseity,and the morality is combined with man’s desire.We should inspect people’s inner peace through both extrinsic and intrinsic evidence;in the theory of Kongfu area,it holds the opinion that we should focus on Tranquil Kongfu.Learning should be both inherently and externally.It emphasizes that the Kongfu should be free,easy and natural;in the area of the State of Life,it insists that we should achieve the harmonization of object and ego,and enjoy the pleasure of ’Yuan Fei Yu Yue’.So that we can transcend the death of natural lives,obtaining the true self merged with Neo-Confucianism.In terms of scholars’ temperament,most of the Jiangmen scholars are quite artistical.They advocate using poems,songs and handwriting arts to express Neo-Confucianism thoughts,and there were quite a few calligraphers and poets among these scholars.As far as the Neo-Confucianism system,Jiangmen scholars don’t have heartfelt traditional consciousness and sect awareness.They tend to inherit the Daonan genre originated from Zhou Lianxi and Cheng Mingdao.Skepticism and self-consciousness strongly go through the philosophy of Jiangmen’s Neo-Confucianism thought.It is commonly supported by Jiangmen scholars that people should full themselves through skepticism,in order to achieve independent personality and free thinking.This is the core and soul of the philosophy of Jiangmen,which is also its most valuable thought.Previous studies have the summarization of some philosophers’ Taoism thoughts in the philosophy of Jiangmen,instead of the summarization of the philosophy of Jiangmen’s academic purposes.This paper summarizes the philosophy of Jiangmen’s Taosim characteristics through the studies on the twenties Jiangmen philosophers,which can also be seen as the innovation of this paper.The philosophy of Jiangmen is not only an important section of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty,but also a booster for the birth and development of the philosophy of Yaojiang.It played an important role in promoting the development of the Chinese philosophy of mind.At the same time,the philosophy of Jiangmen advocates for free thought,instead of mental slavery,and it propose to show the law of nature in the process of satisfying people’s desires.The ideology inspired the birth of the Chinese enlightenment thought.Research on the philosophy of Jiangmen will do good to our thoroughly and comprehensively understanding for the ideological trend of the philosophy of mind in the history of Chinese thought or even the history of Neo-Confucianism.It will also help us to comprehend the history of Chinese thought and the history of Chinese philosophy. |
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