National Power Infiltration And Rural Governance In Suzhou (1927-1937)

After the establishment of the Nanjing national government in1927, it unified the country formally and got the political domination. In order to build a modern state, the Nanjing national government intended to construct the local regime in accordance with the mode of modern state, thus expanded strongly in grassroots society. How the sate expand and what suffered in the process? Face this kind of situation, what would the rural do? In order to answer these questions, this paper want to study the rural of Suzhou in case. In the specific operation, the writer mainly follow these ideas.This paper firstly discusses the Nanjing national government build and improved the administrative system below the county by the political power. After several adjustments and planning, it ultimately determined the important leadership position of township institutions in grassroots society. And it strengthen the control prove through neighborhood organizations and Bao Jia system in rural areas. In addition, it vigorously developed headquarters, the peasant associations, the police and security group to build the control system of rural society.Secondly the author discusses four four aspects, for example the tenancy system reform, the siege of lake bandits, the transformation of social customs and the rural construction. After investigation, the author found that the state involved in the survey of shortage and Cuizu issues often led to large-scale farmers rent, and the of confrontation between the state and peasants was intensified. The lake bandits were destroyed by the cooperation between the army and police. And the state played a positive role in maintaining the rural order. In the face of the popular of smoking and gambling in the village, the state intention to transform the customs of rural social by force, but had little success for its own reasons. In order to save the declining rural economy, the state had to undertake the responsibility, and combined with the local government and social organizations to carry out rural construction. From these we can see that, the state occupy the dominant position in the rural public affairs, and the peasant only in a passive acceptance position.In general, the expand that the Nanjing national government impose ongrassroots society had a dual influences. On the one hand, the interference put itself in a farmer's opposite and exacerbated the conflicts between them. On the other hand, the state integrated various social resources by it's dominant force, so as to promote the management and construction of rural. But it had all kind of disadvantages due to its own reasons. So we can see that the difficulty of the countries in the modern transformation form here.