Study On Assistanee Responsibility Of Urban Poor Population's Subjects Of Social Assistance

There are a large number of poor people in Chinese cities. Some poor families have already had the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission of poverty. To help the urban poor population, on the one hand, Chinese government has established a comprehensive social assistance system; on the other hand, the government has also actively mobilized the other social subjects to intervene in the governance of urban poverty. Both the government and the scholars have advocated that the subjects of social assistance should be diversified, however,what the responsibility of the subjects of social assistance should undertake is lack of systematic research,specially the responsibility of social organization and the family. Based on the welfare mixed theory, the paper taking Shandong Province as example uses the literature method, the interview method and the questionnaire method, to analyze the state's,social organization's and family's assistance responsibility situation and their assistance dilemma, who are the subjects of social assistance of urban poor population. The paper also studies the responsibilities and its realization of the subjects of social assistance. In addition, the paper suggests some countermeasures of how to realize the connection of social assistance subjects. Specifically speaking, the main contents of this paper are as follows:First of all, the paper studies the assistantance responsibility situation of the subjects of social assistance. (1)The state has established a comprehensive social assistance system to help the poor and put in a sum of social assistance funds. Minimum living security system has helped a large number of urban absolute poor population and has solved their food and clothing problems. The level of minimum living security system shows an increasing trend year by year. The behavior of medical assistance has become more and more standardized and the objects of medical assistance is fair. Medical assistance system has created a comprehensive welfare effect to the poor. The employment assistance system has the characteristics of legality, diversification and socialization. In terms of housing assistance, governments at all levels have invested a lot of housing security funds to protect the poor's housing rights. Housing assistance alleviates the housing burden and improves the housing welfare level of the poor. In short, the state's assistantance responsibility is a legal responsibility, and the state's assistantance responsibility is in the absolute dominant position.(2)The assistantance responsibility of the social organization is mainly based on the moral responsibility, which is an important supplement to state assistance. According to the survey, female, unhealthy people and the disabled are more likely to receive social organizations' assistance. Nearly 40 percent of the poor population have had assistance from social organizations.The social organizations follow the strict selective assistance principle. To some extent, the assistance of social organizations has alleviated the economic pressure of the poor. Some social organizations can also provide the specialized services for the poor.(3)Chinese society,with an ethical traditon, gives the family a lot of responsibilities. The family's assistantance responsibility mainly stems from the ethical responsibility.According to the survey, the first three of the individuals who provide assistance to the urban poor people are immediate family members. More than half of the respondents believe that the family assistance is very important. Taking care of daily life, lending money and providing assistance to see a doctor constitute the main parts of family assistance. In the perspective of personal assistance,it still has a tendency of family assistance in helping the urban poor population.Secondly, the paper studies the assistance dilemma of the subjects of social assistance.(1) Generally speaking, the assistantace level of social assistantance system is low, and social assistantance coverage is small. The legal effect of social assistantance system is not strong, etc. Specifically, the supporting policy of minimum living security system isn't perfect. The working efficiency of minimum living security system is low. The assistantance level has an obvious gap in different cities. Medical assistance system also has some problems. For example,the object of medical assistance system is limited,and there is only a small range of diseases which medical assistance system has to guarantee. What's more, the amount of medical assistance fund is small and some people who have chronic diseases can not get help.The medical assistance system prefers "post intervention" to ignoring the" prevention in advance".The actual effect of employment assistance system to the re-employment of the poor and their families is not significant. Especially, it is difficult to solve their structural employment problems. Government does not attach importance to their labor relations after the poor are re-employmed. Furthermore, the poor people's re-employment will be strictly controlled by the government in specific period. There are some problems in terms of housing security system, too. For example, the affordable housing cann't be insufficiently supplied and the affordable housing is facing spatial isolation. In addition, the affordable housing has unfair distribution, and some housing security funds are diverted.(2)Social organizations also face some problems in helping the poor. Due to the identity, the social assistance of religious organization has been strictly controlled by government.Private charitable organizations,who are lack of money, are difficult to expand social assistantance objects. The official charity organization's credibility has been seriously questioned, which affects the development of the whole charity. Social work service agency is also short of money, and some social work service agencies have shortcomings in assistantance autonomy and professionalism.(3)Because of the changes of family relationships, the sustainability of family assistance faces some serious challenges. Family pattern,which is dominated by core family structure at present, makes the family assistance network become smaller. Family members' willingness and family economic conditions also have an impact on the family's assistance function.Thirdly, the paper sorts out the assistance responsibilities of subjects of social assistance in Britain and America, and gets the following revelations to China. The state should regulate the social assistance action by law. The state should help the poor according to the poverty categories. Also,the state should encourage the poor to work who have the labor ability but not to accept welfare. The state should rationally divides the central government and the local government's assistance responsibility. The government should create convenient condition to impel social organizations to help the poor. The state should strengthen the family's assistance responsibility.Fourthly, this paper puts forward the development orientation of assistance responsibility and the realization of the subjects of social assistance in China. (1)The state has the responsible of expanding the objects of social assistance and raising the level of social assistance.The state should also actively undertake the responsibility of legislation in the field of social assistance. The state undertakes the responsibility of changing the value of social assistance system. The central government undertakes the responsibility of investing greater fiscal expenditure in social assistance. The statet undertakes the responsibility of taking targeted measures to help the poor. The state undertakes the responsibility of improving the poor family's development ability. The paper puts forward two measures,which can help the state assistance responsibility come true. On the one hand,governments at all levels should establish the concept of contract type assistance,when the governments succour the poor population.Meanwhile, in the treatment of the government's assistance, people should change the social assistance concept that is from gratitude type to accountability type.(2)The social organization undertakes the responsibility of providing material assistance, financial assistance and labor skills training to the poor. The social organization also undertakes the responsibility of passing the idea of "helping people to help themselves" and the empowerment responsibility. The paper puts forward two suggestions how the social assistance responsibility can come true. Firstly,the state needs to support social organizations by way of the legal, financial and other aspects to carry out social assistance. Secondly, social organizations also need to strengthen their ability construction of social assistance. (3)The family is responsible for the daily care for the poor.The family undertakes the responsibility of looking after the elderly in poor families. The family undertakes the guardianship responsibility of children in dilemma family. The family undertakes the responsibility of protecting the poor disabled people. The paper puts forward two suggestions how the family assistance responsibility can come true. On the one hand, the state needs to propagandize family ethical responsibility.On the other hand, the state should take the appropriate incentives to the family's assistance action.Lastly,the paper suggests the subjects of social assistance should cooperate and integrate to maximize the assistance effect. The paper suggests four aspects of the mechanism should be constructed. The equal consultation mechanism among the subjects of social assistantance should be established. The sharing mechanism of social assistantance information should be established. The complementary mechanism of social assistantance resources should be established. The cooperation mechanism of social assistantance project should be established.