| On October 1,1949,the People's Republic of China established and implemented a foreign policy of peaceful coexistence.Thus,the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China to determine diplomatic relations,and ambassadors,the establishment of the embassy,this is a new period of MongolianChinese relations.Between 1950 and 1951,the People's Republic of Mongolia sold a total of 15,000 horses to China for three times and imported Mongolian necessities from China.From Mongolia to China sold a total of two kinds of products,the total value is 3.3 million rubles.Among them,875 rubles products are reins,horse rope,the other is a horse.China's exports to the People's Republic of Mongolia in 12 species,the total value of 300 million rubles,of which green tea and tobacco accounted for 2.9 million rubles.The sale of horses from the Mongolian People's Republic of China to China has followed the agreement between 1950 and 1952 in the next 14 years,and the horse trade is accounted for a relatively large proportion of trade between Mongolia and China.From August to September 1952,Mongolia-Chinese relations rose to a new level.September 15 in Moscow on the construction of the railway,the Soviet Union,China,the People's Republic of Mongolia held talks.September 24,1952,Zhou Enlai in the return of the way in Ulaanbaatar had a short stay,became the first foreign prime minister to visit the Mongolian People's Republic.A few days later,on September 28,the Prime Ministor of Mongolia,Tsedenbal,visited Beijing and became the first foreign leader to visit the People's Republic of China.During the visit,the two sides also signed an agreement on economic and cultural cooperation between the two countries,laying the foundation for economic exchanges between the two countries.After the death of Stalin in 1953,Soviet leaders witnessed a conflict of interest,in order to obtain the support of China,changed in the Stalin period of foreign policy,the Soviet Union and on many issues on China's compromise.At the same time,the economic monopoly policy adopted in the People's Republic of Mongolia was also abolished,thus opening up a comprehensive cooperative relationship between the Mongolian People's Republic and China.Between 1953 and 1955,both sides adhered to the policy of enriching bilateral relations with economic content.Here,the Mongolian workers to build the Ulan Bator to Zamiin-Uud railway,the Chinese workers built Jining to Erlianhaote railway.This is the first step in the construction of the railway connection between the two countries.Since 1953,the Ministry of Foreign Trade of Mongolia and the Ministry of Foreign Trade of PRC signed first mutual supply contract.China wants to increase the import of horses from Mongolia and Mongolia is uphold the purchase of goods from China and the amount of the purchase,but the purchase of goods from the Soviet Union does not purchase policy from China.In 1954,China signed the Labor Assistance Agreement to Mongolia.The first workers arrived in Mongolia in 1955,which played an important role in alleviating the lack of labor in Mongolia.In 1956,the 20 th CPSU was held,leading to criticism of individual worship throughout the socialist system,bringing a new dimension to the relations between the socialist countries.In 1956-1960,the political relations between Mongolia and China also entered the most successful stage.In 1956,1958 and 1960,China provided to Mongolia aids and credits and in 1960 Mongolian-Chinese Mutual Friendship Treaty was signed.January 1,1956 held the opening ceremony of the Mongolian railway,opened a new channel connecting the Soviet Union,which China's major goods shipped to the Soviet Union via Mongolia.1956-1960,Mongolian main goods sold to China,were still horses.Chinese export to Mongolia increased from 27 million to 107 million rubles,which is related to Chinese payment for the railway transit fee.By the request of Mongolia,China provided an aid of 160 million rubles to Mongolia in 1956,and provided a loan of 100 million rubles in 1958.The use of the aid funds in Mongolia to build a large number of factories,roads and bridges,residential,cultural facilities.1956-1960,according to the Mongolian labor force agreement,China more than 15,000 workers and their families to Mongolia work.Chinese workers in the construction,industry,agriculture and animal husbandry field to carry out efficient work,many of them were awarded the honor medals of Mongolia.The rapid development of Mongolia-China relations in 1956-1960 influenced great significance to Mongolia's economic development.In 1960,when the Soviet Union terminated its friendship alliance to China and withdrew its experts from China,China adjusted its foreign policy and put forward the goal of self-reliance to build socialism.This change in Sino-Soviet relations has strongly affected to Mongolian-Chinese relations since 1961.Politically,between 1960 and 1963,Mongolia and China wanted to maintain friendly relations.The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party criticized the CCP and supported the criticism of the Soviet Union.In 1964,the relationship between the two countries deteriorated rapidly,loan assistance and labor relations were terminated,and trade volume declined rapidly.The impact of the Sino-Soviet relations,from 1961 through the transit transport costs directly affect the Mongolian and Chinese trade.As a result of the reduction in transport between China and the Soviet Union,Mongolia's transit transport income fell sharply from 9.7 million to 1.5 million new rubles between 1961 and 1964.Although the two sides want to maintain trade,1961-1963 to take some measures,but the trade is still reduced,mainly due to China's rapid supply of goods to Mongolia shrinking.In order to purchase more goods from China in 1963,Mongolia sold 80,000 horses to China is a highest record in Mongolian-Chinese trade history.China's aid projects have made important role to the development of Mongolian economy.In 1963,1964 between Mongolia and China began the negotiation about China's aid,but the negotiation was interrupted by the problems of construction of materials and other issues.From 1961,Soviet criticism on the CCP's was began published in the Mongolian press and from 1961 began the conflict between Mongolian and Chinese workers in Mongolia.In 1963 the Chinese workers in Mongolia announced a strikes,China refused to send new workers to Mongolia in 1964 and Mongolia made a unilateral decision to repatriate Chinese workers from Mongolia.1964 April to July to repatriate all Chinese workers.At same year China's aid construction stopped in Mongolia.Chinese workers went out and Mongolia entered the lack of construction workers as it was before 1955.The fall of Mongolian-Chinese trade,loan assistance and labor relations in 1961-1964 is connected to political reasons.Mongolian ruling party,government and people believes in unshakable friendship of Soviet-Mongolian relations and Soviet's leading role in the international communist movement.But China walks by selfreliant socialist construction path.The political and economic similar systems between Mongolia and China has vanished and shifted to different development paths since 1961,which is the basic reason for the stagnation of economic relations of Mongolia and China. |
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