Research On Non-traditional Security Function Of Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the first international organization which was named after the name of China's city and whose management institution-the secretariat of SCO was located in China,it is also the only multilateral regional cooperation regimewhich China has participated in,and it mainly focused on the issues of Central Asian security.The cooperation of security has been expanding and deepening since 2001,it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the security and stability of Central Asia.The SCO considers the “Shanghai Spirit” as their cooperative concept,furthermore,it constantly improving the mutual trust among all the member states,and effectively promoting the process of democracy among all the member states.What's more,SCO is an important implementing platform of China's security and foreign contact.It also plays an important role in maintaining the security,stability,and the territorial integrity of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.This study applied the world outlook,methodology of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism as a guide and based on the security studies which are the hotspot of today's academic research,it examines the nontraditional security threatens which the SCO faced before and after the constructing,then further analyzes and explains the reason why the member states of SCO and China have always keeping a stable relationship in the situation of non-traditional security threats like the “three forces” which are increasing seriously to the Central Asia,including our own state,finally discusses the issues of SCO about how to defend the non-traditional security threat and strengthen the security function under the guidance of new notion of state security.It has the vital theoretical and practical significance to summarize the experiences and lessons of China's participation or leading in regional international regimes,and then explore the relations between the SCO and the new notion of state security.The non-traditional security threat has replaced the traditional security threat like the confrontation,the conflict,the war,etc.it becomes the main security threat in the international society.The “three forces” includes terrorism,separatism and extremism,in addition,there are also some other non-traditional security issues like drug crimes and organized transnational crimes have highlighted which seriously threaten the security and stability of Central Asia,and it also severely restraints the economy development and social transformation of the region states.China,Russia,Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan and Tadzhikistan have formed some common wishesto the menace of non-traditional security threat.They build the important multilateral regional cooperation regime-SCO which based on the mutual cooperation.At the same time,although the appearance of common threats and the forming of common cooperation wishes play important roles in the development of the SCO,they are not the whole reasons.Except the above-mentioned reasons,the solution of the boundary questions among the member states is the precondition for the constitution of SCO,and the improvement of relations among all the member states are also important to promoting,especially the development of Sino-Russian strategic partnership of cooperation.The non-traditional security threats faced by the SCO are still grim.At present,the infiltration of the "Islamic State" into Central Asia and the continued deterioration of the security situation in Afghanistan have posed severe challenges to the SCO.In order to cope with these threats,the SCO continued to strengthen its cooperation in depth and breadth: the anti-terrorism mechanism is maturing,and the cooperation in legal,law enforcement,intelligence and judicial departments on terrorism has been steadily improved.Non-traditional security fields The scope of cooperation continues to expand,with other international security mechanisms are also deepening interaction.Over the past 15 years,the SCO's security function has served to ensure regional security and stability,and provided a safe external environment for cooperation in other fields.Changes in the complex geopolitical security environment and the emergence of nontraditional security issues after the Cold War have also contributed to the emergence of a new security concept-China's new security concept-that addresses this issue.China 's new security concept is based on Jiang Zemin as the core of the party' s collective leadership under the guidance of Marxist theory,based on the post-Cold War international and the surrounding situation and China 's own security needs based on the proposed security theory.China's new security concept has abandoned the unity of security subject,the lack of security connotation,the confrontation of security measures and the self-serving of security objectives,and realized the comprehensive,common,universal and cooperation of security concern..China's new security concept has realized the renewal and upgrading of the old security theory in various aspects such as the security subject,the security connotation,the security means and the security purpose.It has responded to the changes of the international situation after the Cold War and has satisfied China's own security needs.And development also contributed to the formation of the SCO,the SCO's security function to provide a theoretical guide.In turn,the SCO has established the "Shanghai Spirit" as the core content of the new security concept,and through the development of economic and trade cooperation and other measures to implement the Chinese national security concept.The SCO is an important platform for the implementation of the strategy of "the Belt and Road Initiatives",and it can play an important role in the implementation of the "one-way-all-theway" strategy.In the process of implementing the strategy of "the Belt and Road Initiatives",especially in the construction of two core areas,Central Asia and Xinjiang,there are both opportunities and challenges.It is worth noting that there are many security threats in the construction of the core areas inside and outside China,such as "three forces",drug smuggling,illegal immigration,transnational crime,border disputes,war and non-institutional change of state power.It is important to note that,without adhering to the SCO principle and the "Shanghai spirit",the security function of the SCO will not be affected by the SCO's security function.The classification of security issues mentioned above is not only the prerequisite for escorting the SCO along with construction,but also can effectively increase the implementation efficiency of SCO's security function.In addition,in the SCO implementation of the "the Belt and Road Initiatives" construction of the security process,we should attach importance to and strengthen the SCO's non-traditional security functions only to strengthen the security risk factors in Central Asia,targeted to improve The SCO's ability to provide public safety,effectively develop,improve and implement the "three Evils" and other threat-related laws and regulations,do a Great job to extreme and network anti-terrorism work,so that the SCO can escort "the Belt and Road Initiatives" more effectively.At present,the SCO is still facing the following issues and challenges: the development of terrorism,separatism,and extremism;the changes and disputes of the Central Asia as the geocentric center which was caused by the SCO started to admit new members;the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on the related member states;the competitions with other international organizations(mainly the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Eurasian Federation);different concerns arising from certain issues of international security among the member states;and little improvement of relations among the member states,with no significant improvement of cooperation among the Central Asian countries,etc.Facing the problems mentioned above,we should create a community of shared future under the guidance of China's new security concept to promote the development of the SCO.There are several suggestions noted below: the "three forces" should be a long-term target of attack;Central Asia(including Xinjiang)should be the focus which is not recommended to enlarge the area;we should insist on coping with the nontraditional threats as the core function and adhering to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence since we should not and can not deal with all security issues simultaneously;we should view the security issues from all angles guided by overall security concept and treat the core security issues with other issues appropriately;the cooperation with Russia within the SCOframework should be further strengthened;the "Silk Road Economic Belt" could be an opportunity to promote economic cooperation of the SCO;and new challenges by the spread of the “three forces” during the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" should be dealt with properly.Based on the non-traditional security functions of the SCO,this dissertation discusses the threats of non-traditional security,the relationship among the SCO and its member states in dealing with the non-traditional security issues,and how to strengthen the SCO's security functions to promote the implementation of China's foreign strategies.This paper takes SCO's achievements of non-traditional security threats in both theory and real practice as the research case,illustrates a series of achievements that have been gained by the SCO in corresponding to the non-traditional security threats in the past decade,and summarizes the experience and lessons learned from the SCO in struggling against non-traditional security threats.Since the nontraditional security threats are posing strong challenges to China currently,the security functions of the SCO should be strengthened,and the ultimate goal of this paper is to try to provide a countermeasure with universal meaning to China's “the Belt and Road” initiatives and other foreign strategies.